Retrospective mass spectrometric analysis of wastewater-fed mesocosms to assess the degradation of drugs and their human metabolites

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

卷:408

Article

Sabater-Liesa, Laia¹  Montemurro, Nicola¹  Ginebreda, Antoni¹  Barcelo, Damia¹  Eichhorn, Peter¹  Perez, Sandra¹ 

[1] IDAEA CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, ENFOCHEM, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain

关键词: Mesocosm;    Pharmaceuticals;    Natural attenuation;    Human metabolites;    Transformation products;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124984

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Temporary rivers become dependent on wastewater effluent for base flows, which severely impacts river ecosystems through exposure to elevated levels of nutrients, dissolved organic matter, and organic micropollutants. However, biodegradation processes occurring in these rivers can be enhanced by wastewater bacteria/biofilms. Here, we evaluated the attenuation of pharmaceuticals and their human metabolites performing retrospective analysis of 120 compounds (drugs, their metabolites and transformation products) in mesocosm channels loaded with wastewater effluents twice a week for a period of 31 days. Eighteen human metabolites and seven biotransformation products were identified with high level of confidence. Compounds were classified into five categories. Type-A: recalcitrant drugs and metabolites (diclofenac, carbamazepine and venlafaxine); Type-B: degradable drugs forming transformation products (TPs) (atenolol, sitagliptin, and valsartan); Type-C: drugs for which no known human metabolites or TPs were detected (atorvastatin, azithromycin, citalopram, clarithromycin, diltiazem, eprosartan, fluconazole, ketoprofen, lamotrigine, lormetazepam, metformin, telmisartan, and trimethoprim); Type-D: recalcitrant drug metabolites (4-hydroxy omeprazole sulfide, erythro/threohydrobupropion, and zolpidem carboxylic acid); Type-E: unstable metabolites whose parent drug was not detectable (norcocaine, benzolylecgonine, and erythromycin A enol ether). Noteworthy was the valsartan acid formation from valsartan with transient formation of TP-336.

【 授权许可】

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