Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

卷:404

Article

Balan, Winnie Sinan¹  Janaun, Jidon¹  Chung, Chin Hing^1,3  Semilin, Veroneka¹  Zhu, Zongyuan⁴  Haywood, Stephanie K.⁵  Touhami, Dalila⁵  Chong, Khim Phin^2,6  Yaser, Abu Zahrim^1,2  Lee, Ping Chin⁶  Zein, Sharif H.⁷ 

[1] Univ Malaysia Sabah, Fac Engn, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia

[2] Univ Malaysia Sabah, Sustainable Palm Oil Res Unit SPOR, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia

[3] Biosain Technol Sdn Bhd, Block 11,Lot 94,Ground Floor,Phase 11,Prima Sq, Sandakan 90701, Sabah, Malaysia

[4] Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, 2 Mengxi Rd, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[5] Univ Hull, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Cottingham Rd, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England

[6] Univ Malaysia Sabah, Fac Sci & Nat Resources, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia

[7] Univ Hull, Dept Chem Engn, Fac Sci & Engn, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England

关键词: Fatty acid methyl esters;    Microwave pyrolysis;    Palm oil mill effluent;    Rice husk;    Solid acid catalyst;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124092

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

In this study, carbon-silica based acid catalysts derived from rice husks (RH) were successfully synthesised using microwave (MW) technology. The results showed that MW sulphonation produced Sulphur (S) content of 17.2-18.5 times higher than in raw RH. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed peak at 1035 cm(-1) which corresponded to (OS=O)-S-= stretching of sulphonic (-SO3H) group. XRD showed sulfonated RH catalysts (SRHCs) have amorphous structure, and through SEM, broadening of the RH voids and also formation of pores is observed. RH600 had the highest surface area of 14.52 m(2)/g. SRHCs showed high catalytic activity for esterification of oleic acid with methanol with RH600 had the highest initial formation rate (6.33 mmol L-1 min(-1)) and yield (97%). The reusability of the catalyst showed gradually dropped yield of product for every recycle, which might be due to leaching of -SO3H. Finally, esterification of oil recovered from palm oil mill effluent POME) with methanol achieved a conversion of 87.3% free fatty acids (FFA) into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).

【 授权许可】

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