The exposure to coarse, fine and ultrafine particle emissions from concrete mixing, drilling and cutting activities

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

卷:279

Article

Azarmi, Farhad¹  Kumar, Prashant^1,2  Mulheron, Mike¹ 

[1] Univ Surrey, Fac Engn & Phys Sci, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England

[2] Univ Surrey, FEPS, Environm Flow EnFlo Res Ctr, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England

关键词: Exposure rate;    Emission factor;    Particulate matter;    Ultrafine particles;    Concrete mixing;    Drilling and cutting;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.003

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Building activities generate coarse (PM10 <= 10 mu m), fine (PM2.5 <= 2.5 mu m) and ultrafine particles (<100 nm) making it necessary to understand both the exposure levels of operatives on site and the dispersion of ultrafine particles into the surrounding environment. This study investigates the release of particulate matter, including ultrafine particles, during the mixing of fresh concrete (incorporating Portland cement with Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag, GGBS or Pulverised Fuel Ash, PFA) and the subsequent drilling and cutting of hardened concrete. Particles were measured in the 5-10,000 nm size range using a GRIMM particle spectrometer and a fast response differential mobility spectrometer (DMS50). The mass concentrations of PM2.5-10 fraction contributed similar to 52-64% of total mass released. The ultrafine particles dominated the total particle number concentrations (PNCs); being 74, 82, 95 and 97% for mixing with GGBS, mixing with PFA, drilling and cutting, respectively. Peak values measured during the drilling and cutting activities were 4 and 14 times the background. Equivalent emission factors were calculated and the total respiratory deposition dose rates for PNCs for drilling and cutting were 32.97 +/- 9.41 x 10(8) min(-1) and 88.25 +/- 58.82 x 10(8) min(-1). These are a step towards establishing number and mass emission inventories for particle exposure during construction activities. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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