Occurrence and fate of antimony in plastics

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

卷:390

Article

Filella, Montserrat¹  Hennebert, Pierre²  Okkenhaug, Gudny^3,4  Turner, Andrew⁵ 

[1] Univ Geneva, Dept FA Forel, Blvd Carl Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland

[2] INERIS Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France

[3] NGI, POB 3930, N-0806 Oslo, Norway

[4] Norwegian Univ Life Sci NMBU, Fac Environm Sci & Nat Resource Management, POB 5003, N-1432 As, Norway

[5] Plymouth Univ, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

关键词: Antimony production;    Antimony consumption;    Plastics;    Incineration;    Landfilling;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121764

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Antimony (Sb) is a technology critical element whose presence is ubiquitous in manufactured products, and in particular in plastics where it is used extensively as a flame retardant synergist for brominated compounds, as a catalyst for polyethylene terephthalate production, and as a pigment for colour. This study reviews the usage, regulations and fate of Sb in plastics by examining primary data on its production, applications, contents in and migration from manufactured objects, and presence in and release from waste, including the disposal and recycling routes for this material (i.e., non-controlled disposal, incineration, landfilling and recycling). Consumption of Sb and the relative apportioning of the metalloid between different uses in plastics change continuously and are largely driven by dynamic economic factors; accordingly, reference to secondary data or sources can be misleading. Since Sb is not recovered from plastics, its fate is entirely linked to the fate of plastics themselves which, as far as disposal and recycling are concerned, might be dictated by the presence of coassociated regulated substances such as brominated flame retardants. Significantly, because of the high leachability of Sb from bottom incineration ashes, the EU considers the metalloid as the most problematic substance regarding the potential reuse of this material.

【 授权许可】

Free