Size distribution and chemical composition of metalliferous stack emissions in the San Roque petroleum refinery complex, southern Spain

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

卷:190

Article

Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.¹  Moreno, T.²  de la Rosa, J.³  Alastuey, A.²  Querol, X.² 

[1] CSIC, Estn Expt Zaidin, E-18808 Granada, Spain

[2] CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain

[3] Univ Huelva, Ctr Res Sustainable Chem CIQSO, Associate Unit CSIC, Univ Huelva Atmospher Pollut, E-21071 Huelva, Spain

关键词: Atmospheric emissions;    Trace metals;    Petroleum refinery;    Bay of Algeciras;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.104

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

We demonstrate that there is great variation in the size range and chemical composition of metalliferous particulate matter (PM) present within petrochemical complex chimney stacks. Cascade impactor PM samples from seven size ranges (17, 14, 5, 2.5, 1.3, 0.67, and 0.33 mu m) were collected from inside stacks within the San Roque complex which includes the largest oil refinery in Spain. SEM analysis demonstrates the PM to be mostly carbonaceous and aluminous fly ash and abundant fine metalliferous particles. The metals with the most extreme concentrations averaged over all size ranges were Ni (up to 3295 mu g m(-3)), Cr (962 mu g m(-3)), V (638 mu g m(-3)), Zn (225 mu g m(-3)), Mo (91 mu g m(-3)), La (865 mu g m(-3)), and Co (94 mu g m(-3)). Most metal PM are strongly concentrated into the finest fraction (<0.33 mu m), although emissions from some processes, such as purified terephthallic acid (PTA) production, show coarser size ranges. The fluid catalytic cracking stack shows high concentrations of La (>200 mu g m(-3) in PM0.67-1.3). Cr and Ni in a relatively coarse PM size range (0.7-14 mu m). Our unique database, directly sampled from chimney stacks, confirms that oil refinery complexes such as San Roque are a potent source of a variety of fine, deeply inhalable metalliferous atmospheric PM emissions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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