Estrogens in municipal wastewater and receiving waters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China: Occurrence and risk assessment of mixtures

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

卷:389

Article

Lei, Kai¹  Lin, Chun-Ye¹  Zhu, Ying^2,3  Chen, Wei^3,4,5  Pan, Hui-Yun⁶  Sun, Zhe⁷  Sweetman, Andrew³  Zhang, Qinghua²  He, Meng-Chang¹ 

[1] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China

[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China

[3] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England

[4] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China

[5] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China

[6] Henan Polytech Univ, Inst Resources & Environm, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, Peoples R China

[7] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cardiovasc Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England

关键词: Estrogens;    River waters;    Wastewater;    Environmental risks;    Emission sources;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121891

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The potentially high release of estrogens to surface waters due to high population density and local livestock production in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region may pose adverse effects on reproductive systems of aquatic organisms. This study found that total measured concentrations of estrone (E1), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were 468 +/- 27 ng/L in treated wastewater and 219 +/- 23 ng/L in river waters in this region. E2, E3 and EE2 were the predominant estrogens in river waters. The restriction of DES for human use should have been enforced, however concentrations of DES were relatively high compared to other studies. Haihe and Yongdingxin Rivers delivered approximately 1.8 tonnes of estrogens to the Bohai Bay annually. Concentrations of individual estrogens were significantly higher in river waters in the dry season, however, mass loadings were significantly higher in the wet season. The average E2-equivalent concentrations reached 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 0.64 +/- 0.08 mu g-E2/L following long-term and short-term exposure estimates, respectively, in river waters with an EE2 contribution of over 90 %. This could give rise to high risks to fish. Estrogens in river waters largely derived from human excretion. Field studies on estrogenic effects on fish reproductive systems are required locally considering high estrogen contamination levels.

【 授权许可】

Free