Efficient numerical methods for computing ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates based on their characterizations

JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

卷:253

Article

Bao, Weizhu¹  Chern, I-Liang^2,3,4  Zhang, Yanzhi⁵ 

[1] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Math, Singapore 119076, Singapore

[2] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Appl Math, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan

[3] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Ctr Math Modeling & Sci Comp, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan

[4] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Math, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

[5] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Rolla, MO 65409 USA

关键词: Spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate;    Ground state;    Ferromagnetic;    Antiferromagnetic;    Single-mode approximation;    Gradient flow with discrete normalization;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jcp.2013.06.036

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

In this paper, we propose efficient numerical methods for computing ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with/without the Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic field B (X). When B (X) not equal 0, a numerical method is introduced to compute the ground states and it is also applied to study properties of ground states. Numerical results suggest that the densities of m(F) = +/- 1 components in ground states are identical for any nonzero B(x). In particular, if B(x) B not equal 0 is a constant, the ground states satisfy the single-mode approximation. When B(x) 0, efficient and simpler numerical methods are presented to solve the ground states of spin-1 BECs based on their ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic characterizations. Numerical simulations show that our methods are more efficient than those in the literature. In addition, some conjectures are made from our numerical observations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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