Free-surface flows under impacting droplets

JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

卷:227

Article

Watanabe, Yasunori¹  Saruwatari, Ayunii¹  Ingram, David M.² 

[1] Hokkaido Univ, Sch Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan

[2] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

关键词: droplet impact;    vortex ring;    free-surface boundary condition;    level-set method;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jcp.2007.10.020

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

A numerical method which fulfils the free-surface boundary conditions and extrapolates the fluid velocity into empty grid cells outside the fluid region on a fixed Cartesian grid system is presented. The complex, three-dimensional, vortex structures formed via surface/vortex interaction and induction between vortices have been computed using the proposed technique implemented within a level-set method for both vertical and oblique droplet impacts in incompressible fluids. The present results have been validated through numerical tests which confirm zero tangential shear at the free-surface and comparisons with experimental observations of cavity and vortex ring formation underneath the impact location. In some cases, transitions from a concentric vortex ring to a fully three-dimensional vortex structure has been confirmed. Whilst the primary vortex ring is initiated at the highly curved contact surface between the droplet and receiving surface, azimuthal instabilities are manifested in the shear layer around the cavity crater developing after the vertical impact, resulting in axial counter-rotating vorticity between the cavity and descending vortex ring. Underlying mechanisms which induce local deformation of the free-surface, creating a so-called scar, due to the sub-surface vortices at the oblique impacts are also discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free