The full energy cost of avoiding CO2: A clean-energy booking provision for a vigorous energy transition

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

卷:237

Article

Valayer, P. Jean^1,2  Vidal, Olivier¹  Wouters, Noemie^2,3  van Loosdrecht, Mark C. M.⁴ 

[1] Univ Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, 1381 Rue Piscine, F-38041 Grenoble, France

[2] Carbon Promenades Asbl, Rue Alphonse Renard 29, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[3] Univ Ghent, UGent Campus Ostend,Wetenschapspk 1, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium

[4] Delft Univ Technol, Bldg 58,Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands

关键词: Carbon dioxide emission;    Emission avoidance cost;    Fossil clean energy;    Emission booking;    Energy booking;    Energy currency;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117820

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Carbon tax, emission trading schemes and externality disclosures have not provided the incentive to replace fossil-carbon sourced energy as envisioned at the Paris Agreement 2015. Much of the enforcement of these schemes is outside the fossil hydrocarbon producer's control. As an alternate to these schemes, this paper proposes an inventive evaluation and accounting procedure, based on the energy penalty cost of decarbonizing fossil fuels. Such cost can be internalized within the producer's books, and provide the required incentives, including provisions for the deployment of carbon-free fuels. In the inspiring thermodynamics of hydrocarbon to hydrogen conversion in a closed system using hydrogen combustion to decompose the hydrocarbon, we find a penalty of 0.56J for each Joule available in the original hydrocarbon. Applying energy market price range of 150-500 $/t methane and molecular mass-conversion to CO2 equivalent, results in costs ranging from 60 to more than 200$/t CO2. They are well above current carbon tax or emission trading schemes prices. They quantify the required incentives to cleaner (C-free) production yielding prompt emission reduction in the producers' market. We show how similar penalties accrue from a broad spectrum of industrial hydrogen production processes using hydrocarbons. Among those, methane pyrolysis produces carbon-free energy from fossil fuels, with noncombustion promising applications for its carbon production. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free