The role of biochar properties in influencing the sorption and desorption of Pb(II), Cd(II) and As(III) in aqueous solution

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

卷:148

Article

Zama, Eric F.^1,2  Zhu, Yong-Guan^1,2  Reid, Brian J.³  Sun, Gou-Xin¹ 

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China

[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Urban Environm, State Key Iab Urban Environm & Hlth, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China

[3] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England

关键词: Biochar property;    Sorption capacity;    Potentially toxic element;    pH;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.125

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The chemical and physical properties of 20 biochars produced at 350, 450, 550 and 650 degrees C were investigated to determine the key roles they play in the sorption and desorption of three potentially toxic elements (Pb, Cd, As). Biochar surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Organic functional groups (e.g. -COOH, C=O, C-X), inorganic minerals (CaCO3, SiO2, Ca2Si5O10 center dot 3H(2)O) and cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) controlled sorption significantly while physical properties (morphology, surface area) showed little influence on the sorption of potentially toxic elements. Four major mechanisms accounted for the exceptionally high Pb(II) sorption by all 20 biochars (97.5-99.8%) while Cd(II) and As(III) sorption (<90% and 42% respectively) were controlled by two mechanisms (precipitation and electrostatic attraction) only. Thermodynamic studies suggested that Pb and Cd sorption on a majority of biochars was spontaneous and endothermic while As sorption was also endothermic but not spontaneous. Sorbed PTEs were observed to be very stable over a wide range of pH values (3.5-9.5) with desorption ranging from 0.2 to 16.5%. Detailed understanding of how biochar surface properties interact with PTEs increases the possibility of developing cost effective and engineered biochars with exceptional sorption characteristics. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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