The role of unpaved roads as active source areas of precipitation excess in small watersheds drained by ephemeral streams in the Northeastern Caribbean

JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY

卷:533

Article

Ramos-Scharron, Carlos E.^1,2  LaFevor, Matthew C.³ 

[1] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geog & Environm, A3100, Austin, TX 78748 USA

[2] Univ Texas Austin, Lozano Long Inst Latin Amer Studies, A3100, Austin, TX 78748 USA

[3] Univ Maryland, Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, 1 Pk Pl,Suite 300, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA

关键词: Coral reefs;    Dry tropics;    Forest roads;    Horton overland flow;    Runoff;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.11.051

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Quantitative understanding of the impacts of land development on runoff generation is vital for managing aquatic habitats. Although unpaved roads are broadly recognized as significant sources of sediment within managed forested landscapes, their role in altering runoff response is characteristically dependent on rainstorm and watershed size. Here we evaluate the role of unpaved roads in the development of Horton overland flow and their potential to influence the delivery of runoff from small watersheds (similar to 1s km(2)) drained by ephemeral streams flowing toward coral reef bearing waters of the Northeastern Caribbean. Infiltration capacity curves for undisturbed forest soils and unpaved roads were developed based on hydrologic characterization performed with a Guelph permeameter. Results demonstrate that infiltration capacities from unpaved roads are roughly a quarter of those for forest soils. Consequently, localized precipitation excess is about four times greater on unpaved roads than on forest soils. Analyses indicate that unpaved roads generate precipitation excess roughly ten times more frequently than watershed-scale storm flow generated by the combined effects of precipitation excess and saturation overland flow. Comparison of unpaved road precipitation excess with observed watershed discharge suggests that road networks may produce localized surface runoff equal to 62% of total watershed discharge for rainstorms up to 3.0 cm, and this holds even for watersheds with low and moderate road densities (0.8-2.3 km km(-2)). For watersheds with high road densities (similar to 7.6 km km(-2)), roads may contribute about one-quarter of storm flow for rain events up to 10 cm. Our results stress the high sensitivity of runoff response in dry tropical watersheds to land disturbance, even when this disturbance occurs on only about 1% of the land surface. In this particular case study, unpaved roads prove capable of altering the time distribution of runoff and, by extension, sediment delivery, from one that is naturally infrequent and sporadic to one that is potentially chronic. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free