Thermodynamic properties of Ca-Pb electrodes determined by electromotive force measurements

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES

卷:451

Article

Smith, Nathan D.¹  Orabona, Nicole E.¹  Palma, Jorge Paz Soldan¹  Kong, Yuran¹  Blanchard, Cameron¹  Kim, Hojong¹ 

[1] Penn State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, 406 Steidle Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

关键词: Liquid metal batteries;    Liquid metal electrodes;    Calcium-lead alloys;    Emf method;    Ca-Pb phase diagram;    Thermodynamic properties;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227745

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Thermodynamic properties of Ca-Pb alloys are investigated by electromotive force (emf) measurements to determine equilibrium cell potentials and phase properties for their application in energy storage systems such as liquid metal batteries. Using the electrochemical cell Ca(s) vertical bar CaF2(s) vertical bar Ca(in Pb) at 700-1060 K, cell emf is measured for thirteen Ca-Pb alloys at mole fractions, x(Ca) = 0.06-0.80. At 873 K, the equilibrium potentials of liquid Ca-Pb alloys are 0.57-0.62 V versus Ca and the activity values are as low as a(Ca), = 6.2 x 10(-8) at x(Ca) = 0.06. In addition, the emf values as a function of temperature provide partial molar quantities (entropy and enthalpy) as well as phase transitions which are corroborated by determining transition temperatures and phase constituents using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). This work establishes the fundamental data necessary for the design of Pb-containing liquid metal electrodes through the integration of electrochemical, thermal, and structural properties of Ca-Pb electrodes.

【 授权许可】

Free