Energy and climate effects of second-life use of electric vehicle batteries in California through 2050

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES

卷:288

Article

Sathre, Roger¹  Scown, Corinne D.¹  Kavvada, Olga^1,2  Hendrickson, Thomas P.^1,2 

[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[2] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

关键词: Battery;    Lithium ion;    Degradation;    Energy balance;    Climate change mitigation;    Grid storage;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.097

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

As the use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) further increases in the coming decades, a growing stream of batteries will reach the end of their service lives. Here we study the potential of those batteries to be used in second-life applications to enable the expansion of intermittent renewable electricity Supply in California through the year 2050. We develop and apply a parametric life-cycle system model integrating battery supply, degradation, logistics, and second-life use. We calculate and compare several metrics of second-life system performance, including cumulative electricity delivered, energy balance, greenhouse gas (GHG) balance, and energy stored on invested. We find that second-life use of retired PEV batteries may play a modest, though not insignificant, role in California's future energy system. The electricity delivered by second-life batteries in 2050 under base-case modeling conditions is 15 TWh per year, about 5% of total current and projected electricity use in California. If used instead of natural gas-fired electricity generation, this electricity would reduce GHG emissions by about 7 million metric tons of CO(2)e per year in 2050. Published by Elsevier B.V.

【 授权许可】

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