Exploring the relationship between solvent-assisted ball milling, particle size, and sintering temperature in garnet-type solid electrolytes

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES

卷:484

Article

Wood, Marissa¹  Gao, Xiaosi^1,2  Shi, Rongpei¹  Heo, Tae Wook¹  Espitia, Jose Ali^1,3  Duoss, Eric B.¹  Wood, Brandon C.¹  Ye, Jianchao¹ 

[1] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA

[2] Cornell Univ, Coll Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA

[3] Univ Texas El Paso, Coll Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA

关键词: Solid-state electrolytes;    Garnet;    LLZO;    Sintering temperature;    Ball milling;    Phase-field modeling;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229252

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Garnet-type solid electrolytes, such as Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO), are promising materials for solid-state batteries, but processing remains a challenge, in part due to the high sintering temperature required for densification. This temperature can be lowered by decreasing the initial particle size via solvent-assisted ball milling, but the relationship between solvent choice, particle properties, sintering behavior, and ionic conductivity is not well understood. In this work, we systematically explore these parameters, showing that milling in commonly used protic solvents, such as alcohols, effectively decreases the particle size but results in lithium loss (through Li+/H+ exchange) that leads to poor sintering. By contrast, milling in aprotic solvents with surfactant reduces the particle size to similar to 220 nm without lithium loss, enabling the fabrication of dense samples (5.1 g/cm(3)) with good ionic conductivity (0.43 mS/cm at 25 degrees C) at a lower sintering temperature (1000 degrees C). We compare ionic conductivities and activation energies for samples prepared with different particle sizes and sintering temperatures and use multiphase-field simulations to identify the mass transport and microstructural mechanisms responsible for the observed sintering dependence on particle size. These results further clarify the relationship between processing parameters and performance and represent important progress toward overcoming fabrication challenges for these materials.

【 授权许可】

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