Attention deficit/hyperactivity-disorder and obesity: A review and model of current hypotheses explaining their comorbidity

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS

卷:92

Review

Hanc, Tomasz¹  Cortese, Samuele^2,3,4,5,6 

[1] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Biol, Inst Anthropol, Dept Human Biol Dev, Ul Umultowska 89, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland

[2] Univ Southampton, Ctr Innovat Mental Hlth, Acad Unit Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[3] Univ Southampton, Fac Med, Clin & Expt Sci CNS & Psychiat, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[4] Solent NHS Trust, Southampton SO19 8BR, Hants, England

[5] NYU, Ctr Child Study, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA

[6] Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Div Psychiat & Appl Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England

关键词: ADHD;    Obesity;    Overweight;    Eating behaviors;    Executive functions;    Fetal programming;    Genes;    Stress;    Sleep disorders;    Physical activity;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.017

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Available meta-analyses point to a significant association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. The possible mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Here, we overview the studies aimed at identifying the factors contributing to the comorbidity between ADHD and obesity, including genetic factors, fetal programming, executive dysfunctions, psychosocial stress, factors directly related to energy balance, and sleep patterns alterations. The bulk of current research has focused on reduced physical activity and abnormal eating patterns as possible causes of weight gain in individuals with ADHD. Further research is needed to explore the specific role of executive dysfunctions. None of the available published studies have evaluated physiological mechanisms such as hormonal and metabolic disorders or inappropriate neurobiological regulation of appetite. Research exploring the genetic basis for the coexistence of ADHD and obesity and epigenetic mechanisms, with particular emphasis on stress, both pre- and postnatal, seems particularly promising. Here, we propose a biopsychosocial model to integrate current findings and move the field forward to gain insight into the ADHD-obesity relationship.

【 授权许可】

Free