Early postnatal testosterone predicts sex-related differences in early expressive vocabulary

PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

卷:68

Article

Kung, Karson T. F.¹  Browne, Wendy V.¹  Constantinescu, Mihaela¹  Noorderhaven, Rebecca M.¹  Hines, Melissa¹ 

[1] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychol, Free Sch Lane, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, England

关键词: Testosterone;    Postnatal development;    Sex;    Gender;    Vocabulary;    Language development;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.03.001

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

During the first few years of life, girls typically have a larger expressive vocabulary than boys. This sex difference is important since a small vocabulary may predict subsequent language difficulties, which are more prevalent in boys than girls. The masculinizing effects of early androgen exposure on neurobehavioral development are well-documented in nonhuman mammals. The present study conducted the first test of whether early postnatal testosterone concentrations influence sex differences in expressive vocabulary in toddlers. It was found that testosterone measured in saliva samples collected at 1-3 months of age, i.e., during the period called mini-puberty, negatively predicted parent-report expressive vocabulary size at 18-30 months of age in boys and in girls. Testosterone concentrations during mini-puberty also accounted for additional variance in expressive vocabulary after other predictors such as sex, child's age at vocabulary assessment, and paternal education, were taken into account. Furthermore, testosterone concentrations during mini-puberty mediated the sex difference in expressive vocabulary. These results suggest that testosterone during the early postnatal period contributes to early language development and neurobehavioral sexual differentiation in humans. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.

【 授权许可】

Free