Exercise-induced increases in Anandamide and BDNF during extinction consolidation contribute to reduced threat following reinstatement: Preliminary evidence from a randomized controlled trial

PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

卷:132

Article

Crombie, Kevin M.¹  Sartin-Tarm, Anneliis¹  Sellnow, Kyrie¹  Ahrenholtz, Rachel¹  Lee, Sierra¹  Matalamaki, Megan¹  Almassi, Neda E.²  Hillard, Cecilia J.³  Koltyn, Kelli F.²  Adams, Tom G.^4,5,6  Cisler, Josh M.⁷ 

[1] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, 6001 Res Pk Blvd, Madison, WI 53719 USA

[2] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, 285 Med Sci,1300 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[3] Med Coll Wisconsin, Neurosci Res Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA

[4] Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, 105 Kastle Hill, Lexington, KY 40506 USA

[5] Yale Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA

[6] VA CT Healthcare Syst, Clin Neurosci Div, Natl Ctr PTSD, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516 USA

[7] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 1601 Trinity St,Bldg B, Austin, TX 78712 USA

关键词: Aerobic exercise;    Endocannabinoids;    Brain-derived neurotrophic factor;    Fear extinction;    Exposure-therapy;    Posttraumatic stress disorder;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105355

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Introduction: We recently demonstrated that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise delivered during the consolidation of fear extinction learning reduced threat expectancy during a test of extinction recall among women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These findings suggest that exercise may be a potential candidate for improving the efficacy of exposure-based therapies, which are hypothesized to work via the mechanisms of fear extinction learning. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine whether exercise-induced increases in circulating concentrations of candidate biomarkers: endocannabinoids (anandamide [AEA]; 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2 AG], brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and homovanillic acid (HVA), mediate the effects of exercise on extinction recall. Methods: Participants (N = 35) completed a 3-day fear acquisition (day 1), extinction (day 2), and extinction recall (day 3) protocol, in which participants were randomly assigned to complete either moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (EX) or a light-intensity control (CON) condition following extinction training (day 2). Blood was obtained prior to and following EX or CON. Threat expectancy ratings during tests of extinction recall (i.e., initial fear recall and fear recall following reinstatement) were obtained 24 h following EX or CON. Mediation was tested using linear-mixed effects models and bootstrapping of the indirect effect. Results: Circulating concentrations of AEA and BDNF (but not 2 AG and HVA) were found to mediate the relationship between moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and reduced threat expectancy ratings following reinstatement (AEA 95% CI: - 0.623 to - 0.005; BDNF 95% CI: - 0.941 to - 0.005). Conclusions: Exercise-induced increases in peripheral AEA and BDNF appear to play a role in enhancing consolidation of fear extinction learning, thereby leading to reduced threat expectancies following reinstatement among women with PTSD. Future mechanistic research examining these and other biomarkers (e.g., brain-based biomarkers) is warranted.

【 授权许可】

Free