Scaling analysis of the In-Situ Upgrading of heavy oil and oil shale

FUEL

卷:195

Article

Maes, Julien¹  Muggeridge, Ann H.²  Jackson, Matthew D.²  Quintard, Michel³  Lapene, Alexandre⁴ 

[1] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland

[2] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England

[3] Univ Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Inst Mecan Fluides Toulouse, Allee Camille Soula, F-31400 Toulouse, France

[4] TOTAL E&P USA, 705 Forest Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA

关键词: In-Situ Upgrading;    Heavy oil;    Oil shale;    Dimensionless numbers;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.fuel.2017.01.072

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The In-Situ Upgrading (ISU) of heavy oil and oil shale is investigated. We develop a mathematical model for the process and identify the full set of dimensionless numbers describing the model. We demonstrate that for a model with of fluid components (gas and oil), ns solid components and k chemical reactions, the model was represented by 9 + k x (3 + n(f) + n(s) - 2) + 8n(f) + 2n(s) dimensionless numbers. We calculated a range of values for each dimensionless numbers from a literature study. Then, we perform a sensitivity analysis using Design of Experiments (DOE) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to identify the primary parameters controlling the production time and energy efficiency of the process. The Damkohler numbers, quantifying the ratio of chemical reaction rate to heat conduction rate for each reaction, are found to be the most important parameters of the study. They depend mostly on the activation energy of the reactions and of the heaters temperature. The reduced reaction enthalpies are also important parameters and should be evaluated accurately. We show that for the two test cases considered in this paper, the Damkohler numbers needed to be at least 10 for the process to be efficient. We demonstrate the existence of an optimal heater temperature for the process and obtain a correlation that can be used to estimate it using the minimum of the DamkOhler numbers of all reactions. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

【 授权许可】

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