Microwave-assisted preparation of a new esterification catalyst from wasted flint kaolin

FUEL

卷:103

Article

de Oliveira, Alex de Nazare¹  da Silva Costa, Laura Rafaela¹  de Oliveira Pires, Luiza Helena¹  do Nascimento, Luis Adriano S.¹  Angelica, Romulo S.²  da Costa, Carlos E. F.¹  Zamian, Jose R.¹  da Rocha Filho, Geraldo N.¹ 

[1] Fed Univ Para, Lab Catalise & Oleoquim, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil

[2] Fed Univ Para, Lab Difracao Raios X, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil

关键词: Flint metakaolin;    Microwaves;    Acid catalysis;    Esterification;    Biodiesel;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.017

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Amazon flint kaolin, considered useless from an economic and industrial point of view, was calcined at 850 and 950 degrees C to obtain metakaolin samples. These samples were subsequently treated with sulfuric acid (4 M) by assisted heating with microwave radiation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N-2 physisorption; the surface acidity was determined by titration with 0.2 M KOH. The materials obtained were used as catalysts in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Metakaolin that was calcined at 850 degrees C and activated at 400 W for 15 min presented a surface area of 187 m(2) g(-1), yielding acidic sites with a concentration of 4.32 mmol g(-1) and a conversion of 96.5% (115 degrees C, 40 min, molar ratio of oleic acid: methanol 1: 60). In addition to a lower preparation time, the flint metakaolin activated by microwave radiation gave a catalytic performance equivalent or superior to the one prepared by reflux, as well as it showed considerably reduced reaction time and temperature. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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