Holocene changes in vegetation composition in northern Europe: why quantitative pollen-based vegetation reconstructions matter

QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS

卷:90

Article

Marquer, Laurent¹  Gaillard, Marie-Jose¹  Sugita, Shinya²  Trondman, Anna-Kari¹  Mazier, Florence³  Nielsen, Anne Birgitte⁴  Fyfe, Ralph M.⁵  Odgaard, Bent Vad⁶  Alenius, Teija^7,8  Birks, H. John B.^9,10,11,12  Bjune, Anne E.^9,10  Christiansen, Joerg¹³  Dodson, John¹⁴  Edwards, Kevin J.^15,16  Giesecke, Thomas¹³  Herzschuh, Ulrike^17,18  Kangur, Mihkel²  Lorenz, Sebastian¹⁹  Poska, Anneli²⁰  Schult, Manuela¹⁹  Seppa, Heikki²¹ 

[1] Linnaeus Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Kalmar, Sweden

[2] Tallinn Univ, Inst Ecol, EE-10120 Tallinn, Estonia

[3] Univ Toulouse Le Mirail, UMR CNRS 5602, GEODE, Toulouse, France

[4] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, S-22100 Lund, Sweden

[5] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

[6] Aarhus Univ, Inst Geosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

[7] Univ Helsinki, Dept Philosophy Hist Culture & Art Studies, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland

[8] Univ Turku, Dept Archaeol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland

[9] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway

[10] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5020 Bergen, Norway

[11] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England

[12] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 2JD, England

[13] Univ Gottingen, Albrecht Von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Dept Palynol & Climate Dynam, Gottingen, Germany

[14] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia

[15] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Dept Geog & Environm, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland

[16] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Dept Archaeol, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland

[17] Univ Potsdam, Alfred Wegener Inst Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

[18] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geowissensch, Potsdam, Germany

[19] Univ Greifswald, Dept Geog & Geol, Greifswald, Germany

[20] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22100 Lund, Sweden

[21] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland

关键词: Holocene;    Human impact;    Northern Europe;    Pollen;    Quantitative regional plant abundance;    Rate of compositional change;    REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation;    Abundance from Large Sites) model;    Vegetation diversity indices;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.013

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

We present pollen-based reconstructions of the spatio-temporal dynamics of northern European regional vegetation abundance through the Holocene. We apply the Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model using fossil pollen records from eighteen sites within five modern biomes in the region. The eighteen sites are classified into four time-trajectory types on the basis of principal components analysis of both the REVEALS-based vegetation estimates (RVs) and the pollen percentage (PPs). The four trajectory types are more clearly separated for RVs than PPs. Further, the timing of major Holocene shifts, rates of compositional change, and diversity indices (turnover and evenness) differ between RVs and PPs. The differences are due to the reduction by REVEALS of biases in fossil pollen assemblages caused by different basin size, and inter-taxonomic differences in pollen productivity and dispersal properties. For example, in comparison to the PPs, the RVs show an earlier increase in Corylus and Ulmus in the early-Holocene and a more pronounced increase in grassland and deforested areas since the mid-Holocene. The results suggest that the influence of deforestation and agricultural activities on plant composition and abundance from Neolithic times was stronger than previously inferred from PPs. Relative to PPs, RVs show a more rapid compositional change, a largest decrease in turnover, and less variable evenness in most of northern Europe since 5200 cal yr BP. All these changes are primarily related to the strong impact of human activities on the vegetation. This study demonstrates that RV-based estimates of diversity indices, timing of shifts, and rates of change in reconstructed vegetation provide new insights into the timing and magnitude of major human distribution on Holocene regional, vegetation, feature that are critical in the assessment of human impact on vegetation, land-cover, biodiversity, and climate in the past. (C) Elsevier Ltd.All tights reserved.

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