Holocene fire activity during low-natural flammability periods reveals scale-dependent cultural human-fire relationships in Europe

QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS

卷:201

Article

Dietze, Elisabeth^1,22  Theuerkauf, Martin²  Bloom, Karolina³  Brauer, Achim¹  Doerfler, Walter⁴  Feeser, Ingo⁴  Feurdean, Angelica⁵  Gedminiene, Laura⁶  Giesecke, Thomas⁷  Jahns, Susanne⁸  Karpinska-Kolaczek, Monika⁹  Kolaczek, Piotr¹⁰  Lamentowicz, Mariusz¹⁰  Latalowa, Malgorzata¹¹  Marcisz, Katarzyna¹⁰  Obremska, Milena¹²  Pedziszewska, Anna¹¹  Poska, Anneli¹³  Rehfeld, Kira¹⁴  Stancikaite, Migle⁶  Stivrins, Normunds^13,15  Swieta-Musznicka, Joanna¹¹  Szal, Marta¹⁶  Vassiljev, Juri¹³  Veski, Siim¹³  Wacnik, Agnieszka¹⁷  Weisbrodt, Dawid¹⁸  Wiethold, Julian¹⁹  Vanniere, Boris²⁰  Slowinski, Michas²¹ 

[1] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Sect Climate Dynam & Landscape Evolut 5 2, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany

[2] Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Soldmannstr 15, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany

[3] Univ Szczecin, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Fac Geosci, Adama Mickiewicza 16, PL-70383 Szczecin, Poland

[4] Univ Kiel, Inst Prehist & Protohist Archaeol, Johanna Mestorf Str 2-6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

[5] Senckenberg Res Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany

[6] Nat Res Ctr, Inst Geol & Geog, Akademijos Str 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania

[7] Univ Gottingen, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Dept Palynol & Climate Dynam, Wilhelm Weber Str 2a, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany

[8] Heritage Management & Archaeol Museum State Brand, Wunsdorfer Pl 4-5, D-15806 Zossen, Germany

[9] Univ Bialystok, Ctr Study Demog & Econ Struct Preind Cent & Easte, Pl NZS 1, PL-15001 Bialystok, Poland

[10] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Geog & Geol Sci, Inst Geoecol & Geoinformat, Dziegielowa 27 & Bogumila Krygowskiego 10, PL-61680 Poznan, Poland

[11] Univ Gdansk, Fac Biol, Dept Plant Ecol, Lab Palaeoecol & Archaeobot, Ul Wita Stwosza 59, PL-80308 Gdansk, Poland

[12] Poland Acad Sci, Inst Geol Sci, Twarda 51-55, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland

[13] Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Geol, Ehitajate Tee 5, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia

[14] British Antarctic Survey, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England

[15] Univ Latvia, Fac Geog & Earth Sci, Dept Geog, Jelgavas St 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia

[16] Univ Bialystok, Inst Biol, Ul Ciolkowskiego 1J, PL-15245 Bialystok, Poland

[17] Polish Acad Sci, W Szafer Inst Bot, Lubicz 46, PL-31512 Krakow, Poland

[18] Univ Gdansk, Fac Oceanog & Geog, PL-80-952, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland

[19] Lab Archeobot, Inrap, Direct Grand Est, 12 Rue Meric,CS 80005, F-57063 Metz 2, France

[20] Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, CNRS, MSHE C N Ledoux USR 3124, UMR 6249,Chronoenvironm, F-25000 Besancon, France

[21] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geog & Spatial Org, Twarda 51-55, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland

[22] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany

关键词: Sedimentary charcoal;    Fire;    Human impact;    Central europe;    Land cover;    Holocene;    Archaeology;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.005

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Fire is a natural component of global biogeochemical cycles and closely related to changes in human land use. Whereas climate-fuel relationships seem to drive both global and subcontinental fire regimes, human-induced fires are prominent mainly on a local scale. Furthermore, the basic assumption that relates humans and fire regimes in terms of population densities, suggesting that few human-induced fires should occur in periods and areas of low population density, is currently debated. Here, we analyze human-fire relationships throughout the Holocene and discuss how and to what extent human driven fires affected the landscape transformation in the Central European Lowlands (CEL). We present sedimentary charcoal composites on three spatial scales and compare them with climate model output and land cover reconstructions from pollen records. Our findings indicate that widespread natural fires only occurred during the early Holocene. Natural conditions (climate and vegetation) limited the extent of wildfires beginning 8500 cal. BP, and diverging subregional charcoal composites suggest that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers maintained a culturally diverse use of fire. Divergence in regional charcoal composites marks the spread of sedentary cultures in the western and eastern CEL The intensification of human land use during the last millennium drove an increase in fire activity to early-Holocene levels across the CEL Hence, humans have significantly affected natural fire regimes beyond the local scale - even in periods of low population densities - depending on diverse cultural land-use strategies. We find that humans have strongly affected land-cover- and biogeochemical cycles since Mesolithic times. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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