Methane seepage at Vestnesa Ridge (NW Svalbard) since the Last Glacial Maximum

QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS

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Article

Schneider, A.¹  Panieri, G.¹  Lepland, A.^1,2,8  Consolaro, C.^1,3  Cremiere, A.^2,4  Forwick, M.⁵  Johnson, J. E.⁶  Plaza-Faverola, A.¹  Sauer, S.^1,2,7  Knies, J.^1,2 

[1] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Geosci, CAGE Ctr Arctic Gas Hydrate Environm & Climate, N-9037 Tromso, Norway

[2] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway

[3] Plymouth Univ, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

[4] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[5] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Geosci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway

[6] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA

[7] Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer Ifremer, Dept Marine Geosci, Plouzane, France

[8] Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Geol, Tallinn, Estonia

关键词: Micropaleontology;    Foraminifers;    Stable isotopes;    Methane seepage;    Authigenic carbonate;    Holocene;    Pleistocene;    Paleogeography;    Deglaciation;    Arctic Ocean;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.006

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Multiple proxies in the geological record offshore NW Svalbard track shallow subseafloor diagenesis and seafloor methane seepage during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) extent and the disintegration of the Svalbard Barents Sea Ice Sheet (SBIS). Vestnesa Ridge, located at 79 degrees N and in 1200 m water depth, is one of the northernmost known active methane seep sites and is characterised by a subseafloor fluid flow system, numerous seafloor pockmarks and gas flares in the water column. In this study, we develop a Late Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphic framework, use stable oxygen and carbon isotope signatures, (delta O-18, delta C-13) of benthic and planktic foraminifera, the mineralogical and carbon isotope composition of methane-derived authigenic carbonate (MDAC) and sediment geochemical data of ten sediment cores to assess methane seepage variability on Vestnesa Ridge. The studied cores cover the age range between 31.9 and 10 cal ka BP and record 32 negative delta C-13 excursions in benthic and planktic foraminifera with amplitudes down to -29 parts per thousand VPDB. These delta C-13 excursions are often associated with elevated Ca/Ti and Sr/Ti elemental ratios in sediments and MDAC nodules. The precipitation of MDAC overgrowth on foraminiferal tests explains most of the negative delta C-13 excursions. In this dataset, the oldest recorded methane emission episodes on Vestnesa Ridge occurred between the LGM (24-23.5 cal ka BP) and Heinrich Event 1 (HE 1; 17.7-16.8 cal ka BP). Geological indicators for past subseafloor methane cycling and seafloor methane seepage, such as negative foraminiferal delta C-13 excursions, MDAC nodules, and elevated Sr/Ti elemental ratios recorded in post-LGM sediments, possibly represent vertical migration of the sulphate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) and post-date sedimentation by up to 13.4 ka. However, it is important to note that indications of post-LGM seafloor methane seepage at Vestnesa Ridge also correspond to the established methane efflux chronology for the adjacent Barents Sea shelf, implying that glacio-isostatic adjustments and associated re-activation of pre-existing deep-seated faults after disintegration of the SBIS are likely important controlling factors on fluid migration towards the seafloor. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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