9000 years of human lakeside adaptation in the Ethiopian Afar: Fisher-foragers and the first pastoralists in the Lake Abhe basin during the African Humid Period

QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS

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Article

Khalidi, Lamya¹  Mologni, Carlo²  Menard, Clement³  Coudert, Lucie^4,5  Gabriele, Marzia¹  Davtian, Gourguen¹  Cauliez, Jessie⁴  Lesur, Josephine⁵  Bruxelles, Laurent^4,6,7  Chesnaux, Lorene⁴  Redae, Blade Engda^8,9  Hainsworth, Emily³  Doubre, Cecile¹⁰  Revel, Marie²  Schuster, Mathieu¹⁰  Zazzo, Antoine⁵ 

[1] Univ Cote dAzur, Ctr Natl Rech Sci CNRS, Cultures & Environm Prehist Antiquite Moyen Age C, UMR 7264, 24 Av Diables Bleus, F-06300 Nice, France

[2] Univ Cote dAzur, Ctr Natl Rech Sci CNRS, Observ Cote dAzur OCA, IRD, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, F-06905 Sophia Antipolis, France

[3] Ctr Francais Etud Ethiopiennes CFEE, POB 5554, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

[4] Univ Toulouse Jean Jaures, Ctr Natl Rech Sci CNRS, UMR5608, Travaux & Rech Archeol Cultures Espaces & Soc Tra, 5 Allees Antonio Machado, F-31058 Toulouse, France

[5] Museum Natl Hist Nat MNHN, Archeozool & Archeobot Soc Prat & Environm AASPE, UMR 7209, Ctr Natl Rech Sci CNRS, 55 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France

[6] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies GAES, Johannesburg, South Africa

[7] Inst Natl Rech Archeol Preventives INRAP, Paris, France

[8] Univ Poitiers, Ctr Natl Rech Sci CNRS, Paleontol Evolut Paleoecosyst Paleoprimatol PALEV, UMR 7262, 6 Rue Michel Brunet, F-86073 Poitiers, France

[9] Natl Museum, Author Res & Conservat Cultural Heritage ARCCH, Yared St, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

[10] Univ Strasbourg, Ctr Natl Rech Sci CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg UMR 7516, Ecole & Observ Sci Terre UMS 830, F-67084 Strasbourg, France

关键词: Africa;    Holocene;    Climate dynamics;    Geomorphology;    Coastal;    Ethiopian Afar;    African Humid Period;    Paleolandscape evolution;    Lake Abhe;    Later Stone Age;    Herding;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106459

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

In this study, new approaches are developed for measuring and understanding the reactivity of East African amplifier lakes and the societies that occupied their margins to African monsoon related hydrological changes. Drawing on seven newly discovered archaeological sites in the Lower Awash valley, corresponding to the northern Abhe Lake basin, we present the first Holocene human occupation sequence in the Ethiopian Afar. We reconstitute fluctuating Abhe Lake levels in association with human settlement strategies through correlation of new archaeological and geomorphological data and 37 new radiocarbon dates. The sites cluster into three periods of human occupation of the lake margins separated by intervals that lack archaeological data. These occupation phases span two major humid-arid transitions of the African Humid Period (AHP) (including the Younger Dryas (YD, similar to 12.9-11.7 ka), 8.2 ka, and 4.2 ka arid events) during which Abhe Lake levels varied significantly, and the transition from Later Stone Age (LSA) hunter-gatherers to mixed herding-hunter-gatherer economies. Over a 9000 year period we observe continuity and ruptures in subsistence strategies and material culture techno-complexes and correlate these with sedimentary formation processes and changing paleo-shorelines. Our study reveals that flexible multiple resource economies were a human response to strongly fluctuating environments, even with the onset of herding and associated pottery traditions unique to the Abhe Lake basin, sometime between 4.8 and 3.3 ka cal. BP. Thorough evaluation of littoral morpho-sedimentary data, well-dated human settlements and associated economic strategies suggests that major cultural and socio-economic changes of populations inhabiting Abhe paleolakeshores were distinctive ecological responses to transformations in the local environment and to fluctuating lake levels. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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