Erosion under climate and human pressures: An alpine lake sediment perspective

QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS

卷:152

Review

Arnaud, Fabien¹  Poulenard, Jerome¹  Giguet-Covex, Charline^1,2  Wilhelm, Bruno³  Revillon, Sidonie⁴  Jenny, Jean-Philippe⁵  Revel, Marie⁶  Enters, Dirk⁷  Bajard, Manon¹  Fouinat, Laurent¹  Doyen, Elise⁸  Simonneau, Anaelle⁹  Pignol, Cecile¹  Chapron, Emmanuel^9,10  Vanniere, Boris¹¹  Sabatier, Pierre¹ 

[1] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, Environm Dynam & Terr Mt EDYTEM, F-73000 Chambery, France

[2] Univ York, Dept Archaeol, BioArCh, York, N Yorkshire, England

[3] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTHE, 1RD, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[4] IUEM, SEDISOR Domaines Ocean UMR6538, F-29000 Plouzane, France

[5] INRS, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada

[6] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Geoazur, IRD,OCA, F-06000 Nice, France

[7] Niedersachs Inst Hist Kustenforsch, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany

[8] INRAP, F-51520 St Martin Sur Le Pre, France

[9] Univ Orleans, ISTO, CNRS, BRGM, F-45000 Orleans, France

[10] Univ Toulouse Jean Jaures, GEODE, CNRS, F-31000 Toulouse, France

[11] Univ Franche Comte, CNRS, Chronoenvironm, F-25000 Besancon, France

关键词: Erosion;    Holocene;    Lake sediment;    Paleohydrology;    Flood;    Glacier;    Land-use;    Anthropocene;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.09.018

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

We review the scientific efforts over the last decades to reconstruct erosion from continuous alpine lake sediment records. We focused both on methodological issues, showing the growing importance of non-destructive high resolution approaches (XRF core-scanner) as well as progresses in the understanding of processes leading to the creation of an erosion signal in lakes. We distinguish continuous records from event-records. Both provide complementary information but need to be studied with different approaches. Continuous regionally-relevant records proved to be particularly pertinent to document regional erosion patterns throughout the Holocene, in particular applying the source to sink approach. Event-based approaches demonstrated and took advantage of the strong non-linearity of sediment transport in high altitude catchment areas. This led to flood frequency and intensity reconstructions, highlighting the influence of climate change upon flood dynamics in the mountain. The combination of different record types, both in terms of location (high vs. low elevation), sedimentology (high vs. low terrigenous contribution) and significance (local vs. regional) is one of the main outputs of this paper. It allows the establishment of comprehensive histories of NW French Alps erosion, but also and consequently, soil dynamics and hydrological patterns throughout the Holocene. We also discuss the influence of glacier dynamics, one of the major agents of erosion in the Alps. A major feature is the growing human influence upon erosion at a local scale since at least the middle of the Bronze Age (3500 cal. BP). However and according to the regional record from Lake Bourget, only few periods of rising erosion at local scales generated a regional record that can be discriminated from wetter climatic periods. Among them, the period between 200 BCE and 400 AD appeared to be marked by a generalised rise in human-triggered erosion at local scales in the northern French Alps. This review highlights the importance of modern high-resolution and interdisciplinary studies of lake sediments, in order to better understand the complex relationships between humans, climate and the Earth system in general. We strongly argue that regional integration of data is now required to move a step further. Such an integration is easier with cost- and time-effective methods as well as after a better definition of approaches and their limits. This should lead to a stronger collaboration between paleo-data producers and modellers in the near future. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free