Interdependencies and telecoupling of oil palm expansion at the expense of Indonesian rainforest

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS

卷:105

Article

Rulli, Maria Cristina¹  Casirati, Stefano^2,3  Dell'Angelo, Jampel⁴  Davis, Kyle Frankel^5,6,7  Passera, Corrado¹  D'Odorico, Paolo⁸ 

[1] Politecn Milan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, I-20131 Milan, Italy

[2] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95343 USA

[3] Univ Calif Merced, Environm Syst Program, Merced, CA 95343 USA

[4] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, Dept Environm Policy Anal, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[5] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[6] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[7] Columbia Univ, Data Sci Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA

[8] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

关键词: Oil palm;    Indonesia;    Telecoupling;    Rainforest;    Deforestation;    Fragmentation;    Water scarcity, CO2 emissions;    Globalization;    Biofuel;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.050

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Global palm oil production has greatly increased in recent years with the adoption of renewable energy policies by the E.U. and U.S.A. and growing demand for its use in food, biodiesel, and other commodities. Indonesia, the world's largest oil palm producer, has leased large tracts of forested and tribal lands as new concessions, thereby expanding oil palm plantations. While previous studies have focused on some of the important social and environmental consequences of this process, the full suite of potential environmental impacts from land conversion and cultivation remains poorly understood. Here we quantify these impacts in terms of forest loss and fragmentation, CO2 emissions from land use change, and freshwater pollution from fertilizer application. Within all concession types, forest cover decreased by 20% and forest fragmentation increased by 44%, both of which are significantly higher than in comparable non-concession areas. We also assess to what extent CO2 emissions and freshwater pollution are attributable to increasing palm oil demand abroad. We find that four-fifths of Indonesia's palm oil production is for export markets and that 66% of this is destined for just eight countries India, China, Pakistan, Malaysia, Italy, Egypt, Bangladesh, and the United Kingdom. Examining these multiple impacts highlights the importance of remote policies and consumption patterns in dictating local production decisions in a telecoupled world. This work demonstrates that - in order to be truly sustainable - bioenergy initiatives must ensure that adverse environmental impacts (and the demands that drive them) are reduced globally and not simply displaced elsewhere.

【 授权许可】

Free