Dedicated versus mainstreaming approaches in local climate plans in Europe

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS

卷:112

Article

Reckien, D.¹  Salvia, M.²  Pietrapertosa, F.²  Simoes, S. G.³  Olazabal, M.⁴  Hurtado, S. De Gregorio⁵  Geneletti, D.⁶  Lorencova, E. Krkoska⁷  D'Alonzo, V^6,8  Krook-Riekkola, A.⁹  Fokaides, P. A.¹⁰  Ioannou, B. I.¹⁰  Foley, A.¹¹  Orru, H.^12,13  Orru, K.¹⁴  Wejs, A.^15,16  Flacke, J.¹  Church, J. M.¹⁷  Feliu, E.¹⁸  Vasilie, S.¹⁹  Nador, C.²⁰  Matosovic, M.²¹  Flamos, A.²²  Spyridaki, N-A²²  Balzan, M., V²³  Fulop, O.²⁴  Grafakos, S.^25,26  Paspaldzhiev, I²⁷  Heidrich, O.²⁸ 

[1] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, POB 217, Enschede, Netherlands

[2] Natl Res Council Italy, CNR IMAA, Inst Methodol Environm Anal, Cda S Loja, I-85050 Tito, PZ, Italy

[3] NOVA Univ Lisbon, NOVA Sch Sci & Technol, Ctr Environm & Sustainabil Res CENSE, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal

[4] Univ Basque Country, BC3, Parque Cientif,Edificio Sede 1,Planta 1, Leioa 48940, Spain

[5] Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Urban & Spatial Planning, Sch Architecture, Ave Juan Herrera 4, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[6] Univ Trento, Dept Civil Environm & Mech Engn, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy

[7] Czech Acad Sci, Global Change Res Inst, Belidla 986-4a, Brno 60300, Czech Republic

[8] Eurac Res, Inst Renewable Energy, Via A Volta 13A, I-39100 Bozen Bolzano, Italy

[9] LTU, Energy Sci Unit, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden

[10] Frederick Univ, Sch Engn, 7 Frederickou Str, CY-1036 Nicosia, Cyprus

[11] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ashby Bldg,Stranmillis Rd, Belfast BT9 5AH, Antrim, North Ireland

[12] Univ Tartu, Fac Med, Ravila 19, EE-51007 Tartu, Estonia

[13] Umea Univ, Fac Med, S-90187 Umea, Sweden

[14] Univ Tartu, Fac Social Sci, Lossi 36, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia

[15] NIRAS AS, Ostre Havnegade 12, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark

[16] Aalborg Univ, Dept Planning, Rendsburggade 14, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark

[17] Univ Reims, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, F-51571 Reims, France

[18] TECNALIA, Energy & Environm Div, Parque Tecnol Bizkaia,Edificio 700c, Derio 48160, Spain

[19] Denkstatt Romania SRL, Str Madrid 22, Timisoara 300391, Romania

[20] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands

[21] Energy Inst Hrvoje Pozar, Sayska Cesta 163, Zagreb 10001, Croatia

[22] Univ Piraeus UNIPI, Dept Ind Management & Technol, 80 Karaoli & Dimitriou St, Piraeus 18534, Greece

[23] Malta Coll Arts Sci & Technol, Inst Appl Sci, PLA9032, Paola, Malta

[24] Energiaklub Climate Policy Inst, Budapest Szerb U 17-19, H-1056 Budapest, Hungary

[25] Erasmus Univ Rotterdam EUR, Inst Housing & Urban Dev Studies IHS, NL-3062 PA Rotterdam, Netherlands

[26] Global Green Growth Inst, 21-15 Jeongdong Gil, Seoul 4518, South Korea

[27] Denkstatt Bulgaria Ltd, 115 Arsenalski Blvd Ent 1,Fl 5,App 7, Sofia 1421, Bulgaria

[28] Newcastle Univ, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Sch Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England

关键词: Local climate policy/ planning;    Mitigation;    Adaptation;    Urban areas/ cities;    Urban audit;    Europe;    EU-28;    Mainstreaming;    Mitigation/ adaptation tracking;    Mitigation/ adaptation stocktaking;    Monetoring and evaluation (M&E);   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.014

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Cities are gaining prominence committing to respond to the threat of climate change, e.g., by developing local climate plans or strategies. However, little is known regarding the approaches and processes of plan development and implementation, or the success and effectiveness of proposed measures. Mainstreaming is regarded as one approach associated with (implementation) success, but the extent of integration of local climate policies and plans in ongoing sectoral and/or development planning is unclear. This paper analyses 885 cities across the 28 European countries to create a first reference baseline on the degree of climate mainstreaming in local climate plans. This will help to compare the benefits of mainstreaming versus dedicated climate plans, looking at policy effectiveness and ultimately delivery of much needed climate change efforts at the city level. All core cities of the European Urban Audit sample were analyzed, and their local climate plans classified as dedicated or mainstreamed in other local policy initiatives. It was found that the degree of mainstreaming is low for mitigation (9% of reviewed cities; 12% of the identified plans) and somewhat higher for adaptation (10% of cities; 29% of plans). In particular horizontal mainstreaming is a major effort for local authorities; an effort that does not necessarily pay off in terms of success of action implementation. This study concludes that climate change issues in local municipalities are best tackled by either, developing a dedicated local climate plan in parallel to a mainstreamed plan or by subsequently developing first the dedicated and later a mainstreaming plan (joint or subsequent dual track approach). Cities that currently provide dedicated local climate plans (66% of cities for mitigation; 26% of cities for adaptation) may follow-up with a mainstreaming approach. This promises effective implementation of tangible climate actions as well as subsequent diffusion of climate issues into other local sector policies. The development of only broad sustainability or resilience strategies is seen as critical.

【 授权许可】

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