A review of regulatory framework for wind energy in European Union countries: Current state and expected developments

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS

卷:56

Review

Gonzalez, Javier Serrano¹  Lacal-Arantegui, Roberto¹ 

[1] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Energy & Transport, Westerduinweg 3, NL-1755 LE Petten, Netherlands

关键词: 2020 Renewable energy targets;    National Renewable Energy Action Plans;    Regulatory Barriers;    Regulatory framework;    Support schemes;    Wind energy;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.091

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

This paper presents an overview of the regulatory framework for wind energy in European Union Member States. The analysis covers three main aspects of regulatory framework: support schemes, electrical grid issues and potential barriers for wind power deployment. The aim is not just to provide an updated picture of current (early-2015) regulatory framework, but also to analyse the past evolution and trends (in order to achieve the targets of renewable energy share set for 2020). Each country implements a specific regulatory framework driven by several factors: their own renewable energy targets, local availability of renewable resources, energy mix structure, existing infrastructures as well as other factors such as public perception or geographical distribution of electricity generation and consumption points. The results presented in this paper show a trend for increasing the market exposure of wind generators; feed in premiums and competitive bidding procedures to establish the support level are gaining prominence in the last few years. In relation to grid issues, it is a common practice that new wind generators only bear the grid extension costs to the closest connection point; priority or guaranteed access is granted in most Member States and wind generators are usually not demanded to meet balancing requirements (this is expected to change in the next few years following the new guidelines provided by the European Commission). The analysis of potential barriers for wind energy deployment shows that the stability of regulatory framework is one of the most important concerns for investors. Finally, actual deployment over the last few years has been linked with evolution of regulatory frameworks. This analysis shows that some Member States have shown a strong commitment supporting wind energy; however, in other countries the support has not been enough to stimulate the desired level of investment (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

【 授权许可】

Free