A review of earth surface thermal radiation directionality observing and modeling: Historical development, current status and perspectives

REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT

卷:232

Review

Cao, Biao¹  Liu, Qinhuo^1,2  Du, Yongming¹  Roujean, Jean-Louis³  Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe³  Trigo, Isabel F.⁴  Zhan, Wenfeng⁵  Yu, Yunyue⁶  Cheng, Jie⁷  Jacob, Frederic⁸  Lagouarde, Jean-Pierre⁹  Bian, Zunjian¹  Li, Hua¹  Hu, Tian^1,10  Xiao, Qing^1,2 

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China

[2] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

[3] Univ Toulouse, Ctr Etud Spatiales BIOsphere CESBIO, UPS, CNES,CNRS,IRD, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France

[4] IPMA, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Lisbon, Portugal

[5] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Geog Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[6] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA

[7] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China

[8] Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, LISAH,IRD, Montpellier, France

[9] INRA, UMR ISPA, Villenave Dornon, France

[10] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm & Sci, Environm Futures Res Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia

关键词: Directional brightness temperature;    Directional radiometric temperature;    Directional canopy emissivity;    Directional thermal emission;    Thermal radiation directionality;    Thermal emission directionality;    Directional anisotropy;    Angular anisotropy;    Thermal anisotropy;    Land surface temperature anisotropy;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.rse.2019.111304

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The Earth surface thermal infrared (TIR) radiation shows conspicuously an anisotropic behavior just like the bidirectional reflectance of visible and near infrared spectral domains. The importance of thermal radiation directionality (TRD) is being more and more widely recognized in the applications because of the magnitude of the effects generated. The effects of TRD were originally evidenced through experiments in 1962, showing that two sensors simultaneously measuring temperature of the same scene may get significantly different values when the viewing geometry is different. Such effect limits inter-comparison of measurement datasets and land surface temperature (LST) products acquired at different view angles, while raising the question of measurement reliability when used to characterize land surface processes. These early experiments fostered the development of modeling approaches to quantify TRD with the aim of developing a correction for Earth surface TIR radiation. Initiatives for pushing the analysis of TIR data through modeling have been lasted since 1970s. They were initially aimed at mimicking the observed TIR radiance with consideration of canopy structure, component emissivities and temperatures, and Earth surface energy exchange processes. Presently, observing the Earth surface TRD effect is still a challenging task because the TIR status changes rapidly. Firstly, a brief theoretical background and the basic radiative transfer equation are presented. Then, this paper reviews the historical development and current status of observing TRD in the laboratory, in-situ, from airborne and space-borne platforms. Accordingly, the TRD model development, including radiative transfer models, geometric models, hybrid models, 3D models, and parametric models are reviewed for surfaces of water, ice and sea, snow, barren lands, vegetation and urban landscapes, respectively. Next, we introduce three potential applications, including normalizing the LST products, estimating the hemispheric upward longwave radiation using multi-angular TIR observations and separating surface component temperatures. Finally, we give hints and directions for future research work. The last section summarizes the study and stresses three main conclusions.

【 授权许可】

Free