Glial function (and dysfunction) in the normal & ischemic brain

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

卷:134

Review

Magaki, Shino D.^1,2  Williams, Christopher K.²  Vinters, Harry V.^2,3 

[1] Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA

[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med Neuropathol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

关键词: Astrocytes;    Microglia;    Oligodendroglia;    Ischemia;    Intracerebral hemorrhage;    Brain injury - responses;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.009

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). Once considered to be of fairly homogeneous phenotype throughout the brain and spinal cord, they are now understood to be heterogeneous in both structure and function. They are important in brain functions as diverse as ion and fluid balance in the interstitial space, contributing to integrity of the neurovascular unit (blood-brain barrier), neurotransmitter regulation, metabolism of energy substrates and possibly even axonal regeneration. After ischemic or hemorrhagic brain/spinal cord injury, formation of an astrocytic scar adjacent to the 'lesion' is a characteristic histopathologic feature, and this astrogliosis can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, usually using primary antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Astrocytes interact with microglia and oligodendroglia in novel ways that will be discussed in this review. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free