Loss of phospholipid asymmetry and elevated brain apoptotic protein levels in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

卷:29

Article

Lange, Miranda L. Bader^1,2  Cenini, Glovanna^1,2,3  Piroddi, Marta^1,2,4  Abdul, Hafiz Mohmmad^1,2  Sultana, Rukhsana^1,2  Galli, Francesco⁴  Memo, Maurizio³  Butterfield, D. Allan^1,2 

[1] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Ctr Membrane Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA

[2] Univ Kentucky, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Lexington, KY 40506 USA

[3] Univ Brescia, Dept Biomed Sci & Biotechnol, I-25124 Brescia, Italy

[4] Univ Perugia, Dept Internal Med, Sect Appl Biochem & Nutr Sci, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

关键词: mild cognitive impairment (MCI);    Alzheimer disease (AD);    phosphatidylserine (PtdSer);    phospholipid asymmetry;    apoptosis;    Bax;    Bcl-2;    caspase-3;    oxidative stress;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.nbd.2007.11.004

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Oxidative stress, a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD), has been shown to induce lipid peroxidation and apoptosis disrupting cellular homeostasis. Normally, the aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is asymmetrically distributed on the cytosolic leaflet of the lipid bilayer. Under oxidative stress conditions, asymmetry is altered, characterized by the appearance of PtdSer on the outer leaflet, to initiate the first stages of an apoptotic process. PtdSer asymmetry is actively maintained by the ATP-dependent translocase flippase, whose function is inhibited if covalently bound by lipid peroxidation products, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and acrolein, within the membrane bilayer in which they are produced. Additionally, pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 have been implemented in the oxidative modification of PtdSer resulting in subsequent asymmetric collapse, while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 has been found to prevent this process. The current investigation focused on detection of PtdSer on the outer leaflet of the bilayer in synaptosomes from brain of subjects with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as expression levels of a poptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. Fluorescence and Western blot analysis suggest PtdSer exposure on the outer leaflet is significantly increased in brain from subjects with MCI and AD contributing to early apoptotic elevation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and finally neuronal loss. MCI is considered a possible transition point between normal cognitive aging and probable AD. Brain from subjects with MCI is reported to have increased levels of tissue oxidation; therefore, the results of this study could mark the progression of patients with MCI into AD. This study contributes to a model of apoptosis-specific oxidation of phospholipids consistent with the notion that PtdSer exposure is required for apoptotic-cell death. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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