Extracellular vesicles in the treatment of neurological disorders

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

卷:157

Review

Reed, Samantha L.¹  Escayg, Andrew¹ 

[1] Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, 361 Whitehead Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA

关键词: Exosome;    Microvesicle;    Ectosome;    Extracellular vesicle;    Neurological disease;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105445

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, cell-derived membranous particles containing various nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids that play essential roles in intercellular communication. Evidence indicating that part of the regenerative benefit from stem cell therapy arises through EVs released from transplanted cells created interest in using EVs for clinical applications. EVs from various cellular sources, including mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and glia, are efficacious in models of neurological disease. In these models, EVs attenuate reactive gliosis, neuronal death, pro-inflammatory signaling, as well as reduce cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits. EVs are naturally permeable to the blood-brain barrier and can be modified to contain molecules of interest, thereby also serving as a vehicle to transport therapeutics into the brain. This review summarizes the current state of research using EVs as a treatment in models of neurological disorders and highlights considerations for future research.