Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters

RENEWABLE ENERGY

卷:169

Article

Suryajaya, Stefanus Kevin¹  Mulyono, Yohanes Ricky¹  Santoso, Shella Permatasari^1,2  Yuliana, Maria¹  Kurniawan, Alfin³  Ayucitra, Aning¹  Sun, Yueting⁴  Hartono, Sandy Budi¹  Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi^1,2  Ismadji, Suryadi^1,2 

[1] Widya Mandala Catholic Univ Surabaya, Dept Chem Engn, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia

[2] Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, 43,Keelung Rd,Sec 4, Taipei 10607, Taiwan

[3] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Chem, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan

[4] Univ Birmingham, Dept Mech Engn, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

关键词: Bifunctional catalyst;    Biodiesel;    Renewable energy;    Hollow mesoporous silica;    Iron impregnation;    Amine functionalization;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

To promote the use of low-quality oils in producing biodiesel, a bifunctional acid-base catalyst Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is fabricated using the two-step condensation technique. The obtained Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is of a doubled shell structure in spherical shape with a uniform size of 156 nm. Its hollow core (with a diameter of 86 nm) and two spatial shells with different active sites enables the esterification and transesterification reactions to be accomplished in a one-pot synthesis. The influences of four independent reaction variables on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters Y-F was studied, including catalyst loading m(c), reaction time t, reaction temperature T, and the methanol to degummed palm oil mass ratio r(m/o). The highest yield was obtained at 85.36% (w/w) when m(c) = 6% (w/w), t= 4.5 h, T= 60 degrees C, and r(m/o) = 6:1. The Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 shows a good recyclability with Y-F > 80% (w/w) up to three reaction cycles. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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