Silver supply risk analysis for the solar sector

RENEWABLE ENERGY

卷:69

Article

Grandell, Leena^1,2  Thorenz, Andrea³ 

[1] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland

[2] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden

[3] Univ Augsburg, Resource Lab, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany

关键词: Silver reserves;    Criticality assessment;    Solar sector;    Photovoltaics;    Concentrated solar power;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.032

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The anthropogenic silver cycle shows the global material flows of silver on an annual basis. Beginning with mine supply the silver flows in various end use sectors. It is either stored as part of the above ground silver reserves or gets consumed and recycled or dissipates on landfills or with sewage. The article discusses supply demand scenarios of silver. The study is methodically based on an analysis of resource specific factors like exploration rates, reserves and resources and regional distribution of exploration areas. Among the numerous application areas for silver the one with the greatest growth potential is discussed in detail. Solar energy sector is a fast growing area which is analysed quantitatively in detail to obtain information on potential future bottlenecks in material availability. Due to its' high electrical conductivity silver is used in silicon photovoltaic technology and Gratzel cells to form the electrical contacts. In concentrated solar power applications silver is the material of choice as the coating of the mirror because of its' high optical reflectivity. Both concerns about climate change as well as questions related to energy resources and energy security stress the importance of renewable energy technologies. This has resulted in several future scenarios with partly very ambitious goals for the construction of the new energy infrastructure. The scenarios are discussed in the light of known silver resources. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free