The wind energy potential of Iceland

RENEWABLE ENERGY

卷:69

Article

Nawri, Nikolai¹  Petersen, Gudrun Nina¹  Bjornsson, Halldor¹  Hahmann, Andrea N.²  Jonasson, Kristjan³  Hasager, Charlotte Bay²  Clausen, Niels-Erik² 

[1] Iceland Meteorol Off, IS-150 Reykjavik, Iceland

[2] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Wind Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

[3] Univ Iceland, Fac Ind Mech Engn & Comp Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland

关键词: Wind energy potential;    Wind atlas;    Mesoscale modelling;    Wind resource mapping;    Iceland;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.040

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Downscaling simulations performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were used to determine the large-scale wind energy potential of Iceland. Local wind speed distributions are represented by Weibull statistics. The shape parameter across Iceland varies between 1.2 and 3.6, with the lowest values indicative of near-exponential distributions at sheltered locations, and the highest values indicative of normal distributions at exposed locations in winter. Compared with summer, average power density in winter is increased throughout Iceland by a factor of 2.0-5.5. In any season, there are also considerable spatial differences in average wind power density. Relative to the average value within 10 km of the coast, power density across Iceland varies between 50 and 250%, excluding glaciers, or between 300 and 1500 W m(-2) at 50 m above ground level in winter. At intermediate elevations of 500-1000 m above mean sea level, power density is independent of the distance to the coast. In addition to seasonal and spatial variability, differences in average wind speed and power density also exist for different wind directions. Along the coast in winter, power density of onshore winds is higher by 100-700 W m(-2) than that of offshore winds. Based on these results, 14 test sites were selected for more detailed analyses using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP). (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

【 授权许可】

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