Neurological diseases at the blood-brain barrier: Stemming new scientific paradigms using patient-derived induced pluripotent cells

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE

卷:1866

Review

Page, Shyanne¹  Patel, Ronak¹  Raut, Snehal¹  Al-Ahmad, Abraham¹ 

[1] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 1300 South Coulter St, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA

关键词: Blood-brain barrier;    Stem cells;    Diseases modeling;    Endothelial cells;    Neurological diseases;    Induced pluripotent stem cells;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.009

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a component of the neurovascular unit formed by specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) surrounded by a specific basement membrane interacting with astrocytes, neurons, and pericytes. The BBB plays an essential function in the maintenance of brain homeostasis, by providing a physical and chemical barrier against pathogens and xenobiotics. Although the disruption of the BBB occurs with several neurological disorders, the scarcity of patient material source and lack of reliability of current in vitro models hindered our ability to model the BBB during such neurological conditions. The development of novel in vitro models based on patient-derived stem cells opened new venues in modeling the human BBB in vitro, by being more accurate than existing in vitro models, but also bringing such models closer to the in vivo setting. In addition, patient-derived models of the BBB opens the avenue to address the contribution of genetic factors commonly associated with certain neurological diseases on the BBB pathophysiology. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the BBB, the current development of stem cell-based models in the field, the current challenges and limitations of such models.

【 授权许可】

Free