Mutually facilitated co-transport of two different viruses through reactive porous media

WATER RESEARCH

卷:123

Article

Xu, Shuang^1,5  Attinti, Ramesh²  Adams, Elizabeth³  Wei, Jie⁴  Kniel, Kalmia⁴  Zhuang, Jie^1,6  Jin, Yan² 

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Key Lab Pollut Ecol & Environm Engn, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China

[2] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[3] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[4] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[5] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China

[6] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA

关键词: Adenovirus;    Steric interaction;    XDLVO;    Co-transport;    Goethite;    Adhesion force;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.039

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

In this study, we quantified transport and retention behaviors of a human pathogenic virus (Adenovirus 41, abbreviated as Ad-41) and a model bacteriophage (phi X174) through metal oxide-removed and goethite-coated sand under saturated flow conditions. Two sets of bench scale column experiments were conducted: transport of each type of viruses alone and co-transport of both viruses. All experiments were conducted at pH 7.5 using 2 mM artificial ground water (AGW) buffer as background solution. Experimental results revealed that goethite-coated sand (i.e., reactive sand) retained much more viruses relative to metal oxide-removed sand (i.e., non-reactive sand), with the difference more pronounced for phi X174 (effluent concentration decreased by 92.1%) than for Ad-41 (effluent concentration decreased by 59.7%). Interestingly, lower retention of both viruses on goethite-coated sand was observed when they co-existed in the influent. The mutual promotion to the transport of the two viruses may be attributed to attachment site competition and steric hindrance effect (illustrated in the graphical abstract). Mass recovery results revealed that phi X174 was largely reversibly attached, whereas Ad-41 was mostly irreversibly bound or inactivated. Force measurements using atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that phi X174 had doubled affinity to goethite-coated sand compared with Ad-41, consistent with the transport behavior of each type of viruses when they existed alone. As expected, the extended DLVO theory cannot accurately estimate interfacial energy profiles for viruses and reactive sand that have heterogeneous surface properties (i.e., roughness and charge heterogeneity). The results of this study clearly demonstrate that caution must be taken when applying laboratory results, which are generally obtained from experiments employing a single virus species, to predict the mobility and environmental risks in natural systems where multiple agents are present. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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