N-nitrosamine rejection by reverse osmosis membranes: A full-scale study

WATER RESEARCH

卷:47

Article

Fujioka, Takahiro¹  Khan, Stuart J.²  McDonald, James A.²  Roux, Annalie³  Poussade, Yvan⁴  Drewes, Joerg E.^2,5  Nghiem, Long D.¹ 

[1] Univ Wollongong, Sch Civil Min & Environm Engn, Strateg Water Infrastruct Lab, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia

[2] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, UNSW Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

[3] Seqwater, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia

[4] Veolia Water Australia, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia

[5] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany

关键词: Water reuse;    N-nitrosamines;    NDMA Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes;    Full-scale operation;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.035

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

This study aims to provide longitudinal and spatial insights to the rejection of N-nitrosamines by reverse osmosis (RO) membranes during sampling campaigns at three full-scale water recycling plants. Samples were collected at all individual filtration stages as well as at a cool and a warm weather period to elucidate the impact of recovery and feed temperature on the rejection of N-nitrosamines. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was detected in all RO feed samples varying between 7 and 32 ng/L. Concentrations of most other N-nitrosamines in the feed solutions were determined to be lower than their detection limits (3-5 ng/L) but higher concentrations were detected in the feed after each filtration stage. As a notable exception, in one plant, N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) was observed at high concentrations in RO feed (177-475 ng/L) and permeate (34-76 ng/L). Overall rejection of NDMA among the three RO systems varied widely from 4 to 47%. Data presented here suggest that the feed temperature can influence rejection of NDMA. A considerable variation in NDMA rejection across the three RD stages (14-78%) was also observed. Overall NMOR rejections were consistently high ranging from 81 to 84%. On the other hand, overall rejection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) varied from negligible to 53%, which was considerably lower than values reported in previous laboratory-scale studies. A comparison between results reported here and the literature indicates that there can be some discrepancy in N-nitrosamine rejection data between laboratory- and full-scale studies probably due to differences in water recoveries and operating conditions (e.g. temperature, membrane fouling, and hydraulic conditions). Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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