Biotransformation of lincomycin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics by the ammonia oxidizers AOA, AOB and comammox: A comparison of removal, pathways, and mechanisms

WATER RESEARCH

卷:196

Article

Zhou, Li-Jun¹  Han, Ping^2,3,4  Zhao, Mengyue²  Yu, Yaochun^5,6  Sun, Dongyao²  Hou, Lijun³  Liu, Min^2,4  Zhao, Qiang²  Tang, Xiufeng²  Kluemper, Uli⁷  Gu, Ji-Dong⁸  Men, Yujie^5,6  Wu, Qinglong L.^1,9 

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China

[2] East China Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China

[3] East China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China

[4] East China Normal Univ, Inst Ecochongming, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China

[5] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[6] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[7] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrobiol, D-01217 Dresden, Germany

[8] Guangdong Technion Israel Inst Technol, Environm Engn, 241 Daxue Rd, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, Peoples R China

[9] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sino Danish Ctr Sci & Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China

关键词: Ammonia oxidizers;    biotransformation;    comammox;    cometabolism;    lincomycin;    fluoroquinolones;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2021.117003

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

In this study, we evaluated the biotransformation mechanisms of lincomycin (LIN) and three fluoro-quinolone antibiotics (FQs), ciprofloxacin (CFX), norfloxacin (NFX), and ofloxacin (OFX), which regularly enter aquatic environments through human activities, by different ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM). The organisms included a pure culture of the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) Nitro -spira inopinata, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon (AOA) Nitrososphaera gargensis, and an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) Nitrosomonas nitrosa Nm90. The removal of these antibiotics by the pure microbial cul-tures and the protein-normalized biotransformation rate constants indicated that LIN was significantly co-metabolically biotransformed by AOA and comammox, but not by AOB. CFX and NFX were signifi-cantly co-metabolized by AOA and AOB, but not by comammox. None of the tested cultures transformed OFX effectively. Generally, AOA showed the best biotransformation capability for LIN and FQs, followed by comammox and AOB. The transformation products and their related biotransformation mechanisms were also elucidated. i) The AOA performed hydroxylation, S-oxidation, and demethylation of LIN, as well as nitrosation and cleavage of the piperazine moiety of CFX and NFX; ii) the AOB utilized nitro-sation to biotransform CFX and NFX; and iii) the comammox carried out hydroxylation, demethylation, and demethylthioation of LIN. Hydroxylamine, an intermediate of ammonia oxidation, chemically reacted with LIN and the selected FQs, with removals exceeding 90%. Collectively, these findings provide impor-tant fundamental insights into the roles of different ammonia oxidizers and their intermediates on LIN and FQ biotransformation in nitrifying environments including wastewater treatment systems. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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