Urban rainwater harvesting systems: Research, implementation and future perspectives

WATER RESEARCH

卷:115

Review

Campisano, Alberto¹  Butler, David²  Ward, Sarah²  Burns, Matthew J.³  Friedler, Eran⁴  DeBusk, Kathy⁵  Fisher-Jeffes, Lloyd N.⁶  Ghisi, Enedir⁷  Rahman, Ataur⁸  Furumai, Hiroaki⁹  Han, Mooyoung¹⁰ 

[1] Univ Catania, Dept Civil Engn & Architecture, Viale A Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy

[2] Univ Exeter, Ctr Water Syst, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England

[3] Univ Melbourne, Sch Ecosyst & Forest Sci, Waterway Ecosyst Res Grp, Burnley, Australia

[4] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Environm Water & Agr Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel

[5] North Carolina State Univ, Biol & Agr Engn, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA

[6] Univ Cape Town, Dept Civil Engn, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa

[7] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Civil Engn, Lab Energy Efficiency Bldg, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil

[8] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Comp Engn & Math, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[9] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Water Environm Technol, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan

[10] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul, South Korea

关键词: Rainwater harvesting;    Stormwater management;    Sustainable urban water systems;    Water conservation;    Water efficiency;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.056

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

While the practice of rainwater harvesting (RWH) can be traced back millennia, the degree of its modern implementation varies greatly across the world, often with systems that do not maximize potential benefits. With a global focus, the pertinent practical, theoretical and social aspects of RWH are reviewed in order to ascertain the state of the art. Avenues for future research are also identified. A major finding is that the degree of RWH systems implementation and the technology selection are strongly influenced by economic constraints and local regulations. Moreover, despite design protocols having been set up in many countries, recommendations are still often organized only with the objective of conserving water without considering other potential benefits associated with the multiple-purpose nature of RWH. It is suggested that future work on RWH addresses three priority challenges. Firstly, more empirical data on system operation is needed to allow improved modelling by taking into account multiple objectives of RWH systems. Secondly, maintenance aspects and how they may impact the quality of collected rainwater should be explored in the future as a way to increase confidence on rainwater use. Finally, research should be devoted to the understanding of how institutional and socio-political support can be best targeted to improve system efficacy and community acceptance. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free