Drinking water treatment by multistage filtration on a household scale: Efficiency and challenges

WATER RESEARCH

卷:178

Article

Medeiros, R. C.¹  Fava, N. de M. N.²  Freitas, B. L. S.²  Sabogal-Paz, L. P.²  Hoffmann, M. T.²  Davis, J.³  Fernandez-Ibanez, P.³  Byrne, J. A.³ 

[1] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Engn & Environm Technol, BR-98400000 Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil

[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, Dept Hydraul & Sanitat, Trabalhador Sao Carlense Ave 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil

[3] Ulster Univ, Nanotechnol & Integrated Bioengn Ctr, Sch Engn, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, North Ireland

关键词: Drinking water;    Low-cost technology;    Slow sand filtration;    Protozoa;    Escherichia coli;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2020.115816

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Universalising actions aimed at water supply in rural communities and indigenous populations must focus on simple and low-cost technologies adapted to the local context. In this setting, this research studied the dynamic gravel filter (DGF) as a pre-treatment to household slow-sand filters (HSSFs), which is the first description of a household multistage filtration scale to treat drinking water. DGFs (with and without a non-woven blanket on top of the gravel layer) followed by HSSFs were tested. DGFs operated with a filtration rate of 3.21 m(3) m(-2).d(-1) and HSSFs with 1.52 m(3) m(-2).d(-1). Influent water contained kaolinite, humic acid and suspension of coliforms and protozoa. Physical-chemical parameters were evaluated, as well as Escherichia coil, Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst reductions. Removal was low (up to 6.6%) concerning true colour, total organic carbon and absorbance (lambda = 254 nm). Nevertheless, HMSFs showed turbidity decrease above 60%, E. coli. reduction up to 1.78 log, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts reductions up to 3.15 log and 2.24 log, respectively. The non-woven blanket was shown as an important physical barrier to remove solids, E. coli. and protozoa. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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