The prevalence of urolithiasis in subjects undergoing computer tomography in selected referral diagnostic centers in Mogadishu, Somalia

Frontiers in Public Health

Public Health

Fartun Yasin Mohamed¹  Hassan Abdullahi Dahie²  Maryan Abdullahi Sh. Nur³  Mohamed Hussein Adam⁴  Najib Isse Dirie⁵  Abdirahman Khalif Mohamud⁶  Jihaan Hassan⁶  Bashiru Garba⁷ 

[1] Department of Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Urology, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia;Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia;Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria;

关键词: urolithiasis;    prevalence;    non-contrast computed tomography;    Mogadishu;    Somalia;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2023.1203640

 received in 2023-04-11, accepted in 2023-10-05,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Introduction and objectivesSomalia was predicted to be in the global stone belt with high urolithiasis prevalence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of urolithiasis and their demographic and computer tomography (CT) characteristics among subjects under CT scans in Mogadishu, Somalia. Materials and Methods: From March 2014 to November 2022, a total of 7,276 patients who underwent an abdominopelvic non-contrast CT scan for various indications were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age was 45.6 years with a standard deviation of 21.1 (range, 0.2–110 years). Patients were subdivided into two categories: adults (≥18 years) and pediatric (≤17 years).ResultsOf the 7,276 patients, 1,075 (14.8%) were diagnosed with urolithiasis. Among those with urolithiasis, 702 (65.3%) were male patients, and 373 (34.7%) were female patients. Among them, adults accounted for 92.7%, while children were 7.3%. Renal stones (nephrolithiasis) were the most common, representing 57% followed by ureteric stones at 35.5%, making upper urinary stones 92.5%. Approximately 70 patients (6.5%) had bladder stones; of these, 26 of them (37%) were accompanied by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There were 10 urethral stones (0.9%) recorded in the study, all were found in male patients, 8 localized in prostatic urethra, and 2 in the bulbar urethra. The overall mean stone size was 13.2 mm, and 60% of them ranged from 5 to 22 mm. Only 24% of the patients were asymptomatic. Single stones were almost 70%, while staghorn calculi were 8.2%. More than 60% of the patients with urolithiasis showed some degree of hydronephrosis ranging between mild to severe.ConclusionA CT scan-based urolithiasis prevalence indicates 14.8% in Mogadishu, Somalia, and these results are consistent with the probability calculation of the weights-of-evidence (WofE) methodology based on several risk factors including temperature, climate change, mineral deposit, drinking water quality, and distribution of carbonated rocks. Considering the high prevalence of the disease, Somalia needs to invest more in prevention and treatment facilities while also training urologists that are capable of utilizing minimally invasive techniques in the country.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Dirie, Adam, Garba, Dahie, Sh. Nur, Mohamed, Mohamud and Hassan.