Gender and racial/ethnic differences in the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with markers of diabetes risk: national health and nutrition examination survey 2001–2008

Environmental Health

Research

Aditi R Saxena¹  Tamarra James-Todd²  Tianyi Huang³  Elvira Isganaitis⁴ 

[1] Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 2115, Boston, MA, USA;Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 02120, Boston, MA, USA;Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 02120, Boston, MA, USA;Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 02115, Boston, MA, USA;Genetics and Epidemiology Division and Pediatric Health Services, Joslin Diabetes Center, 02215, Boston, MA, USA;

关键词: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate;    Mono-benzyl phthalate;    Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate;    Mono-ethyl phthalate;    Mono-isobutyl phthalate;    Mono-n-butyl phthalate;    Insulin;    Blood glucose;    Gender differences;    Race/ethnicity;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1476-069X-13-6

 received in 2013-09-17, accepted in 2013-12-17,  发布年份 2014

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundPhthalates are ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals associated with diabetes. Although women and minorities are more likely to be exposed to phthalates, no prior studies have examined phthalate exposure and markers of diabetes risk evaluating effect modification by gender and race/ethnicity.MethodsWe analyzed CDC data for 8 urinary phthalate metabolites from 3,083 non-diabetic, non-pregnant participants aged 12- < 80 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2008. We used median regression to assess the associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), controlling for urinary creatinine as well as several sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Stratified analyses were conducted to compare the gender- and race/ethnicity-specific patterns for the associations.ResultsUrinary levels of several phthalate metabolites, including MBzP, MnBP, MiBP, MCPP and ∑DEHP showed significant positive associations with FBG, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. No clear difference was noted between men and women. Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic blacks had stronger dose–response relationships for MnBP, MiBP, MCPP and ∑DEHP compared to non-Hispanic whites. For example, the highest quartile of MiBP relative to its lowest quartile showed a median FBG increase of 5.82 mg/dL (95% CI: 3.77, 7.87) in Mexican-Americans, 3.63 mg/dL (95% CI: 1.23, 6.03) in blacks and 1.79 mg/dL (95% CI: -0.29, 3.87) in whites.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that certain populations may be more vulnerable to phthalates with respect to disturbances in glucose homeostasis. Whether endocrine disrupting chemicals contribute to gender and racial/ethnic differences in diabetes risk will be an important area for further study.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Huang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.