Increasing outdoor host-seeking in Anopheles gambiae over 6 years of vector control on Bioko Island

Malaria Journal

Research

Vamsi P. Reddy¹  Matthew C. Medeiros¹  Zachary R. Popkin-Hall¹  Jacob I. Meyers¹  Sharmila Pathikonda¹  Vani Kulkarni¹  Michel A. Slotman¹  Hans J. Overgaard²  Jo Lines³  Immo Kleinschmidt⁴  Godwin Fuseini⁵  Abrahan Matias⁵  Guillermo Garcia⁶  Christopher Schwabe⁷ 

[1] Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA;Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway;Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement (IRD), MIVEGEC, Montpellier, France;Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea;Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea;MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, MD, USA;

关键词: Outdoor host-seeking;    Anopheles gambiae;    Anopheles coluzzii;    Anopheles melas;    Bioko Island;    Equatorial Guinea;    Bioko Island Malaria Control Project;    Indoor residual spraying;    Vector control;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-016-1286-6

 received in 2016-01-06, accepted in 2016-04-13,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundVector control through indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been employed on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, under the Bioko Island Malaria Control Project (BIMCP) since 2004. This study analyses the change in mosquito abundance, species composition and outdoor host-seeking proportions from 2009 to 2014, after 11 years of vector control on Bioko Island.MethodsAll-night indoor and outdoor human landing catches were performed monthly in the Bioko Island villages of Mongola, Arena Blanca, Biabia and Balboa from 2009 to 2014. Collected mosquitoes were morphologically identified and a subset of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) were later identified molecularly to their sibling species. Mosquito collection rates, species composition and indoor/outdoor host-seeking sites were analysed using generalized linear mixed models to assess changes in mosquito abundance and behaviour.ResultsThe overall mosquito collection rate declined in each of the four Bioko Island villages. Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles melas comprised the An. gambiae s.l. mosquito vector population, with a range of species proportions across the four villages. The proportion of outdoor host-seeking An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes increased significantly in all four villages with an average increase of 58.8 % [57.9, 59.64 %] in 2009 to 70.0 % [67.8, 72.0 %] in 2014. Outdoor host-seeking rates did not increase in the month after an IRS spray round compared to the month before, suggesting that insecticide repellency has little impact on host-seeking behaviour.ConclusionWhile vector control on Bioko Island has succeeded in substantial reduction in overall vector biting rates, populations of An. coluzzii and An. melas persist. Host-seeking behaviour has changed in these An. gambiae s.l. populations, with a shift towards outdoor host-seeking. During this study period, the proportion of host-seeking An. gambiae s.l. caught outdoors observed on Bioko Island increased to high levels, exceeding 80 % in some locations. It is possible that there may be a genetic basis underlying this large shift in host-seeking behaviour, in which case outdoor feeding could pose a serious threat to current vector control programmes. Currently, the BIMCP is preparing for this potential challenge by testing source reduction as a complementary control effort that also targets outdoor transmission.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Meyers et al. 2016