Ivermectin susceptibility and sporontocidal effect in Greater Mekong Subregion Anopheles

Malaria Journal

Research

Siriporn Phasomkulsolsil¹  Ratawan Ubalee¹  Alongkot Ponlawat¹  Chanyapat Nitatsukprasert¹  Silas A. Davidson²  Kevin C. Kobylinski²  Patrick W. McCardle²  Jason H. Richardson³  Thanaporn Wattanakul⁴  Joel Tarning⁵  Kesara Na-Bangchang⁶ 

[1] Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand;Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand;Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, 20910, Silver Spring, MD, USA;Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand;Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, 20910, Silver Spring, MD, USA;Armed Forces Pest Management Board, 2460 Linden Lane, 20910, Silver Spring, MD, USA;Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand;Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand;Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FZ, Oxford, UK;Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, 99 Mu 18 Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 12121, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand;

关键词: Ivermectin;    Anopheles;    Plasmodium;    Greater Mekong Sub-region;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-017-1923-8

 received in 2017-04-25, accepted in 2017-06-28,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundNovel vector control methods that can directly target outdoor malaria transmission are urgently needed in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) to accelerate malaria elimination and artemisinin resistance containment efforts. Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) to humans has been shown to effectively kill wild Anopheles and suppress malaria transmission in West Africa. Preliminary laboratory investigations were performed to determine ivermectin susceptibility and sporontocidal effect in GMS Anopheles malaria vectors coupled with pharmacokinetic models of ivermectin at escalating doses.MethodsA population-based pharmacokinetic model of ivermectin was developed using pre-existing data from a clinical trial conducted in Thai volunteers at the 200 µg/kg dose. To assess ivermectin susceptibility, various concentrations of ivermectin compound were mixed in human blood meals and blood-fed to Anopheles dirus, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles sawadwongporni, and Anopheles campestris. Mosquito survival was monitored daily for 7 days and a non-linear mixed effects model with probit analyses was used to calculate concentrations of ivermectin that killed 50% (LC50) of mosquitoes for each species. Blood samples were collected from Plasmodium vivax positive patients and offered to mosquitoes with or without ivermectin at the ivermectin LC25 or LC5 for An. dirus and An. minimus.ResultsThe GMS Anopheles displayed a range of susceptibility to ivermectin with species listed from most to least susceptible being An. minimus (LC50 = 16.3 ng/ml) > An. campestris (LC50 = 26.4 ng/ml) = An. sawadwongporni (LC50 = 26.9 ng/ml) > An. dirus (LC50 = 55.6 ng/ml). Mosquito survivorship results, the pharmacokinetic model, and extensive safety data indicated that ivermectin 400 µg/kg is the ideal minimal dose for MDA in the GMS for malaria parasite transmission control. Ivermectin compound was sporontocidal to P. vivax in both An. dirus and An. minimus at the LC25 and LC5 concentrations.ConclusionsIvermectin is lethal to dominant GMS Anopheles malaria vectors and inhibits sporogony of P. vivax at safe human relevant concentrations. The data suggest that ivermectin MDA has potential in the GMS as a vector and transmission blocking control tool to aid malaria elimination efforts.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2017

【 图 表 】

12951_2015_155_Article_IEq23.gif