Interspecies interactions and potential Influenza A virus risk in small swine farms in Peru

BMC Infectious Diseases

Research Article

Martín A Romero¹  Sarah McCune¹  Robert H Gilman²  Angela M Bayer³  Viterbo Ayvar⁴  Vitaliano A Cama⁵  Carmen S Arriola⁶  Armando E Gonzales⁶  Joel M Montgomery⁷ 

[1] Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), Lima, Peru;Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), Lima, Peru;Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), Lima, Peru;Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;Naval Medical Research Unit - 6, Lima, Peru;

关键词: Influenza;    Influenza Virus;    Avian Influenza;    Wild Bird;    Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-12-58

 received in 2011-09-09, accepted in 2012-03-15,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe recent avian influenza epidemic in Asia and the H1N1 pandemic demonstrated that influenza A viruses pose a threat to global public health. The animal origins of the viruses confirmed the potential for interspecies transmission. Swine are hypothesized to be prime "mixing vessels" due to the dual receptivity of their trachea to human and avian strains. Additionally, avian and human influenza viruses have previously been isolated in swine. Therefore, understanding interspecies contact on smallholder swine farms and its potential role in the transmission of pathogens such as influenza virus is very important.MethodsThis qualitative study aimed to determine swine-associated interspecies contacts in two coastal areas of Peru. Direct observations were conducted at both small-scale confined and low-investment swine farms (n = 36) and in open areas where swine freely range during the day (n = 4). Interviews were also conducted with key stakeholders in swine farming.ResultsIn both locations, the intermingling of swine and domestic birds was common. An unexpected contact with avian species was that swine were fed poultry mortality in 6/20 of the farms in Chancay. Human-swine contacts were common, with a higher frequency on the confined farms. Mixed farming of swine with chickens or ducks was observed in 36% of all farms. Human-avian interactions were less frequent overall. Use of adequate biosecurity and hygiene practices by farmers was suboptimal at both locations.ConclusionsClose human-animal interaction, frequent interspecies contacts and suboptimal biosecurity and hygiene practices pose significant risks of interspecies influenza virus transmission. Farmers in small-scale swine production systems constitute a high-risk population and need to be recognized as key in preventing interspecies pathogen transfer. A two-pronged prevention approach, which offers educational activities for swine farmers about sound hygiene and biosecurity practices and guidelines and education for poultry farmers about alternative approaches for processing poultry mortality, is recommended. Virological and serological surveillance for influenza viruses will also be critical for these human and animal populations.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© McCune et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.