Nutrition transition among adolescents of a south-Mediterranean country: dietary patterns, association with socio-economic factors, overweight and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study in Tunisia

Nutrition Journal

Research

Francis Delpeuch¹  Edwige Landais¹  Bernard Maire¹  Pierre Traissac¹  Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay¹  Jalila El Ati²  Noureddine Achour³  Habiba Ben Romdhane³  Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri⁴ 

[1] IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR 204 NUTRIPASS, IRD-UM1-UM2, 911, av. Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France;National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INNTA), Tunis, Tunisia;National Institute of Public Health (INSP), 5-7 rue Khartoum, Tunis, Tunisia;National Institute of Public Health (INSP), 5-7 rue Khartoum, Tunis, Tunisia;Doctoral School 393, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France;

关键词: Waist Circumference;    Dietary Pattern;    Food Group;    Diet Quality;    Total Energy Intake;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-10-38

 received in 2010-11-16, accepted in 2011-04-24,  发布年份 2011

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe increase in the burden of chronic diseases linked to the nutrition transition and associated dietary and lifestyle changes is of growing concern in south and east Mediterranean countries and adolescents are at the forefront of these changes. This study assessed dietary intake and association with socio-economic factors and health outcomes among adolescents in Tunisia.MethodsCross-sectional survey (year 2005); 1019 subjects 15-19 y. from a clustered random sample. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire (134 items) as was physical activity; the Diet Quality Index International measured diet quality; dietary patterns were derived by multiple correspondence analysis from intakes of 43 food groups. Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥85th and 95th percentile defined overweight and obesity. Waist Circumference (WC) assessed abdominal fat. High blood pressure was systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90th of the international reference for 15-17 y., and SBP/DBP ≥120/80 mm Hg for 18-19 y.ResultsEnergy intake levels were quite high, especially for females. The macro-nutrient structure was close to recommendations but only 38% had a satisfactory diet quality. A main traditional to modern dietary gradient, linked to urbanisation and increased economic level, featured an increasing consumption of white bread, dairy products, sugars, added fats and fruits and decreasing consumption of oils, grains, legumes and vegetables; regarding nutrients this modern diet score featured a decreasing relationship with total fat and an increase of calcium intake, but with an increase of energy, sugars and saturated fat, while vitamin C, potassium and fibre decreased. Adjusted for age, energy and physical activity, this modern pattern was associated with increased overweight in males (2nd vs. 1st tertile: Prevalence Odds-Ratio (POR) = 4.0[1.7-9.3], 3rd vs. 1st: POR = 3.3[1.3-8.7]) and a higher WC. Adjusting also for BMI and WC, among females, it was associated with decreased prevalence of high blood pressure (2nd vs. 1st tertile: POR = 0.5[0.3-0.8], 3rd vs. 1st tertile: POR = 0.4[0.2-0.8]).ConclusionThe dietary intake contrasts among Tunisian adolescents, linked to socio-economic differentials are characteristic of a nutrition transition situation. The observed gradient of modernisation of dietary intake features associations with several nutrients involving a higher risk of chronic diseases but might have not only negative characteristics regarding health outcomes.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Aounallah-Skhiri et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.