Cardiovascular effects of sub-daily levels of ambient fine particles: a systematic review

Environmental Health

Review

Tom Kosatsky¹  Stéphane Perron²  Omar Burgan³  Audrey Smargiassi⁴ 

[1] British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Canada;Direction de Santé Publique de l'Agence de la Santé et des Services Sociaux de Montréal, Canada;Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Canada;Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Canada;Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 1301 Sherbrooke Est, H2L 1M3, Montréal (Québec), Canada;

关键词: Cardiovascular Effect;    Heart Rate Variability;    Flow Mediate Dilation;    Suggestive Evidence;    Forearm Blood Flow;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1476-069X-9-26

 received in 2010-02-07, accepted in 2010-06-15,  发布年份 2010

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundWhile the effects of daily fine particulate exposure (PM) have been well reviewed, the epidemiological and physiological evidence of cardiovascular effects associated to sub-daily exposures has not. We performed a theoretical model-driven systematic non-meta-analytical literature review to document the association between PM sub-daily exposures (≤6 hours) and arrhythmia, ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI) as well as the likely mechanisms by which sub-daily PM exposures might induce these acute cardiovascular effects. This review was motivated by the assessment of the risk of exposure to elevated sub-daily levels of PM during fireworks displays.MethodsMedline and Elsevier's EMBase were consulted for the years 1996-2008. Search keywords covered potential cardiovascular effects, the pollutant of interest and the short duration of the exposure. Only epidemiological and experimental studies of adult humans (age > 18 yrs) published in English were reviewed. Information on design, population and PM exposure characteristics, and presence of an association with selected cardiovascular effects or physiological assessments was extracted from retrieved articles.ResultsOf 231 articles identified, 49 were reviewed. Of these, 17 addressed the relationship between sub-daily exposures to PM and cardiovascular effects: five assessed ST-segment depression indicating ischemia, eight assessed arrhythmia or fibrillation and five considered MI. Epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to sub-daily levels of PM is associated with MI and ischemic events in the elderly. Epidemiological studies of sub-daily exposures suggest a plausible biological mechanism involving the autonomic nervous system while experimental studies suggest that vasomotor dysfunction may also relate to the occurrence of MI and ischemic events.ConclusionsFuture studies should clarify associations between cardiovascular effects of sub-daily PM exposure with PM size fraction and concurrent gaseous pollutant exposures. Experimental studies appear more promising for elucidating the physiological mechanisms, time courses and causes than epidemiological studies which employ central pollution monitors for measuring effects and for assessing their time course. Although further studies are needed to strengthen the evidence, given that exposure to sub-daily high levels of PM (for a few hours) is frequent and given the suggestive evidence that sub-daily PM exposures are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular effects, we recommend that persons with cardiovascular diseases avoid such situations.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Burgan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.