Clostridium difficile genotypes other than ribotype 078 that are prevalent among human, animal and environmental isolates

BMC Microbiology

Research Article

Valerija Zidaric¹  Sandra Janezic¹  Maja Rupnik²  Matjaz Ocepek³ 

[1] Institute of Public Health Maribor, Prvomajska 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia;Institute of Public Health Maribor, Prvomajska 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia;Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slomskov trg 15, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia;Centre of Excellence, CIPKeBIP, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia;Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia;

关键词: Clindamycin;    Moxifloxacin;    Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing;    Environmental Isolate;    Human Isolate;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2180-12-48

 received in 2011-09-02, accepted in 2012-03-27,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundCharacterising the overlap of C. difficile genotypes in different reservoirs can improve our understanding of possible transmission routes of this pathogen. Most of the studies have focused on a comparison of the PCR ribotype 078 isolated from humans and animals. Here we describe for the first time a comparison of C. difficile genotypes isolated during longer time intervals from different sources including humans, animals and the non-hospital environment.ResultsAltogether 786 isolates from time interval 2008-2010 were grouped into 90 PCR ribotypes and eleven of them were shared among all host types and the environment. Ribotypes that were most common in humans were also present in water and different animals (014/020, 002, 029). Interestingly, non-toxigenic isolates were very common in the environment (30.8%) in comparison to humans (6.5%) and animals (7.7%). A high degree of similarity was observed for human and animal isolates with PFGE. In human isolates resistance to erithromycin, clindamycin and moxifloxacin was detected, while all animal isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested.ConclusionOur results show that many other types in addition to PCR Ribotype 078 are shared between humans and animals and that the most prevalent genotypes in humans have the ability to survive also in the environment and several animal hosts. The genetic relatedness observed with PFGE suggests that transmission of given genotype from one reservoir to the other is likely to occur.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Janezic et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.