Effects of increased paternal age on sperm quality, reproductive outcome and associated epigenetic risks to offspring

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Review

Rakesh Sharma¹  Ashok Agarwal¹  Vikram K Rohra¹  Muhammad Abu-Elmagd²  Mourad Assidi²  Rola F Turki³ 

[1] Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA;Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine at King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine at King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;

关键词: Paternal age;    Infertility;    Semen parameters;    Reproduction;    Genetics;    Sperm DNA damage;    Telomere length;    Aneuploidy;    Epigenetics;    Offspring;    Assisted reproductive techniques;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12958-015-0028-x

 received in 2014-12-31, accepted in 2015-04-09,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in average paternal age when the first child is conceived, either due to increased life expectancy, widespread use of contraception, late marriages and other factors. While the effect of maternal ageing on fertilization and reproduction is well known and several studies have shown that women over 35 years have a higher risk of infertility, pregnancy complications, spontaneous abortion, congenital anomalies, and perinatal complications. The effect of paternal age on semen quality and reproductive function is controversial for several reasons. First, there is no universal definition for advanced paternal ageing. Secondly, the literature is full of studies with conflicting results, especially for the most common parameters tested. Advancing paternal age also has been associated with increased risk of genetic disease. Our exhaustive literature review has demonstrated negative effects on sperm quality and testicular functions with increasing paternal age. Epigenetics changes, DNA mutations along with chromosomal aneuploidies have been associated with increasing paternal age. In addition to increased risk of male infertility, paternal age has also been demonstrated to impact reproductive and fertility outcomes including a decrease in IVF/ICSI success rate and increasing rate of preterm birth. Increasing paternal age has shown to increase the incidence of different types of disorders like autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and childhood leukemia in the progeny. It is thereby essential to educate the infertile couples on the disturbing links between increased paternal age and rising disorders in their offspring, to better counsel them during their reproductive years.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Sharma et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.