Urinary fluoride levels and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California

Environmental Health

Research

E. Angeles Martínez-Mier¹  John D. Meeker²  Ashley J. Malin³  Caitlin G. Howe⁴  Theresa M. Bastain⁵  Carrie V. Breton⁵  Howard Hu⁵  Sandrah P. Eckel⁵  Rima Habre⁵  Shohreh F. Farzan⁵  William Funk⁶ 

[1] Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, 1121 W. Michigan St., 46202-2876, Indianapolis, IN, USA;Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Hts, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, 32603, Gainesville, USA;Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Williamson Translational Research Building, 7th Floor, 03756, Lebanon, NH, USA;Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, 90089-9239, Los Angeles, CA, USA;Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr Ste 1400, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA;

关键词: Fluoride;    Metals;    Pregnancy;    Biomarkers;    Hispanic Women;    Los Angeles;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12940-023-01026-2

 received in 2023-09-08, accepted in 2023-10-13,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundFluoride is ubiquitous in the United States (US); however, data on biomarkers and patterns of fluoride exposure among US pregnant women are scarce. We examined specific gravity adjusted maternal urinary fluoride (MUFsg) in relation to sociodemographic variables and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California.MethodsParticipants were from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort. There were 293 and 490 women with MUFsg measured during first and third trimesters, respectively. An intra-class correlation coefficient examined consistency of MUFsg between trimesters. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests examined associations of MUFsg with sociodemographic variables. Covariate adjusted linear regression examined associations of MUFsg with blood metals and specific gravity adjusted urine metals among a subsample of participants within and between trimesters. A False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction accounted for multiple comparisons.ResultsMedian (IQR) MUFsg was 0.65 (0.5) mg/L and 0.8 (0.59) mg/L, during trimesters one and three respectively. During both trimesters, MUFsg was higher among older participants, those with higher income, and White, non-Hispanic participants than Hispanic participants. MUFsg was also higher for White, non-Hispanic participants than for Black, non-Hispanic participants in trimester three, and for those with graduate training in trimester one. MUFsg was negatively associated with blood mercury in trimester one and positively associated with blood lead in trimester three. MUFsg was positively associated with various urinary metals, including antimony, barium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc in trimesters one and/or three.ConclusionsMUFsg levels observed were comparable to those found in pregnant women in Mexico and Canada that have been associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Lower urinary fluoride levels among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black participants in MADRES compared to non-Hispanic White participants may reflect lower tap water consumption or lower fluoride exposure from other sources. Additional research is needed to examine whether MUFsg levels observed among pregnant women in the US are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

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